JPMorgan Chase is a global financial services firm, providing solutions to important companies, governments, and institutions in more than 100 countries and territories around the world. The company and its foundations donate approximately $200 million annually to non-profit organizations around the world. Additionally, the company organizes employees to volunteer in local communities, leveraging its resources such as access to financing, economies of scale, global reach, and expertise.
According to Trend Research, a JPMorgan research report dated September 28, 2026 notes that the technology and AI ecosystem stagnated for three months from June through last week, though valuation downgrades have already become highly pronounced across most sectors. Forward earnings for semiconductors continue to climb by approximately 30%, while software has seen almost no earnings upgrades. Valuations for the Tech Seven Giants have fallen to ten-year lows, trading at nearly one standard deviation below the broader market. Capital expenditures by hyperscalers are projected to grow at a 28% compound annual growth rate through 2030. JPMorgan argues that with cleaner positioning, persistent earnings momentum, and an intact capital expenditure upcycle, it advises re-entering the technology sector and reopening a semiconductor-over-software pair trade. Agentic AI is pushing the CPU-to-GPU ratio from 1:4 to 1:8 toward 1:1, providing tailwinds for CPU-related names.
Odaily News: Physical AI company SiMa.ai has announced the completion of a $150 million Series C funding round, co-led by Fidelity Management & Research Company and Amplify, with participation from Alter Venture Partners, Dell Technologies Capital, Maverick Capital, Point72, StepStone Group, and others. AllianceBernstein, Baron Capital, JPMorgan Chase, and the State of Michigan joined as new investors. The company's cumulative funding has reached $500 million, with a valuation of $1.45 billion. It is reported that the funds will be used to accelerate the scaling of its Palette Neat agent software environment, and the company plans to launch a dedicated physical AI chip capable of achieving 1000 dense TOPS of computing power in the first half of 2028. (Businesswire)
Odaily News: Hut 8 announced the completion of a $1.07 billion four-year senior secured revolving credit facility, with JPMorgan serving as Lead Arranger, Bookrunner, and Administrative Agent, Citi, Goldman Sachs, and Morgan Stanley serving as Joint Lead Arrangers and Joint Bookrunners, and a syndicate comprising 12 lending institutions in total. Hut 8 is primarily engaged in energy infrastructure and digital asset mining businesses.
According to Chaohang Research, JPMorgan’s September 24, 2026 research report indicates that U.S. corporate financing surplus in Q2 2026 approached 2% of GDP, marking the highest level for non-crisis periods since data tracking began in 1952. Non-financial corporate surplus stood at approximately 1.5%, the highest for non-crisis periods since 1958. Global equity buybacks are projected to reach $1.7 trillion in 2026, with U.S. corporations accounting for $1.3 trillion. Bitcoin’s production cost is approximately $85,000; after trading below this threshold for 280 consecutive days, the price has finally broken through. Network hash rate and mining difficulty have decreased by roughly 19% and 15%, respectively, from their peaks last October. JPMorgan notes that cash flow growth outpaces capital expenditures, indicating that the corporate sector as a whole does not require additional financing. This financing surplus underpins share repurchases, particularly among firms outside the technology sector. AI-driven capital expenditures are crowding out other spending, keeping overall capex growth moderate, and the exuberance of the late 1990s has yet to return. Bitcoin miners are structurally shifting toward AI operations, lowering forced selling risks, though hash rate expansion has decelerated. Bond futures momentum indicators have moved into more extreme bearish zones, with standard deviation scores for the 10-year U.S. Treasury and German Bunds reverting to -1.7 and -1.5, respectively.
JPMorgan Chase, KeyCorp, and Bank of New York Mellon announced they will raise their prime rates from 6.75% to 7%, with the new rate taking effect on Thursday. This move will directly increase borrowing costs for consumers and businesses.
Odaily News: Amid pressure from AI giants calling for a slowdown, sticky inflation, and the looming threat of rate hikes, US stocks plunged across the board on Monday, with the Philadelphia Semiconductor Index plummeting nearly 6%. Yet JPMorgan reaffirmed its bullish stance against the tide, warning that blind pessimism can easily lead to missing out on gains.Mislav Matejka, JPMorgan's Head of Global and European Equity Strategy, also once again issued a warning to aggressively bearish investors: while surging oil prices do suppress valuations, blindly betting against US stocks is extremely dangerous before the overall earnings expansion of American companies has been disproven. Once US President Trump subsequently attempts to cool tensions in the Middle East through diplomacy, or if third-quarter earnings exceed expectations, the forces of excessive shorting may face a fierce backlash from returning capital.On this basis, JPMorgan as early as August had already raised its year-end target for the S&P 500 Index from 7,800 points to 8,000 points against the tide, and expects earnings per share of its constituent stocks to surge 29% year-over-year to $350.
According to Bloomberg citing sources familiar with the matter, bets on Polymarket regarding the likelihood of major banks such as Wells Fargo, JPMorgan Chase, and Bank of America collapsing are drawing attention from U.S. regulators and members of Congress. While these contracts currently represent only a small portion of trading on this offshore prediction market platform, some officials fear that expanding trading volumes could exacerbate market panic and fuel real-world bank runs. Polymarket stated that its platform prohibits U.S. users from participating.
JPMorgan Chase and banks such as Citigroup are using blockchain technology to process massive funds, but tokenization solutions are primarily aimed at institutional investors rather than retail consumers. Capital fragmentation and compliance pressures resulting from legacy systems are the main reasons.
According to BeInCrypto, JPMorgan Co-President Doug Petno stated at the Barclays Global Financial Services Conference that institutional interest in blockchain and stablecoins remains in its early stages, constrained by interoperability gaps, regulations, and KYC rules, with no genuine institutional demand beyond crypto trading currently. In swift response, Tether CEO Paolo Ardoino remarked that "there is no need to import ice to the Arctic," mocking JPMorgan’s assessment as out of touch with reality—Tether's USDT market cap has already neared $183 billion, while the total market capitalization of all stablecoins sits at approximately $311 billion. Notably, JPMorgan itself operates the blockchain payments division Kinexys, and its research team forecasts the stablecoin market to reach between $500 billion and $750 billion, falling well short of the $2 trillion upper limit projected by some firms.
According to Chaoxiang Research, JPMorgan’s September 6, 2026 research report highlights four reasons supporting a bullish stance on US equities despite heightened volatility in interest rates, exchange rates, and oil prices: strong growth (GDP and EPS forecasts continue to be raised), interest rates are not too high (rising yields reflect economic expansion rather than monetary tightening), the US favors a weak dollar policy, and hedge fund positioning remains neutral to light. August nonfarm payrolls added 162,000 jobs, far exceeding expectations; however, whether to hike rates in September hinges on the September 11 CPI data, with JPMorgan projecting core CPI to rise 0.21% month-over-month. The MSCI World Index has gained 12% year-to-date, while the 10-year US Treasury yield has climbed by only 60 basis points, and earnings growth is currently absorbing valuations.
Odaily News: Robinhood Markets has officially served as an IPO underwriter for the first time, participating in the listing of smart ring maker Oura. Oura filed for its IPO last Thursday, with an expected listing valuation exceeding $11 billion. Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley, and JPMorgan are serving as the lead book-runners for the deal, with Robinhood ranking 18th among the 18 underwriters.In June of this year, Robinhood received regulatory approval to conduct underwriting business, and CEO Vlad Tenev previously stated his desire to "disrupt" the IPO market. As an underwriter, Robinhood is expected to gain more influence in the allocation of IPO shares to its retail clients. (The Wall Street Journal)
Goldman Sachs, Bank of America, JPMorgan Chase, and 18 other institutions have announced the formation of a new company, planning to issue a regulated US dollar stablecoin in the first half of 2027, followed by an expansion to other G7 currencies such as the euro.
According to Chaohang Research, JPMorgan’s September 24, 2026 research report indicates that U.S. corporate financing surplus in Q2 2026 approached 2% of GDP, marking the highest level for non-crisis periods since data tracking began in 1952. Non-financial corporate surplus stood at approximately 1.5%, the highest for non-crisis periods since 1958. Global equity buybacks are projected to reach $1.7 trillion in 2026, with U.S. corporations accounting for $1.3 trillion. Bitcoin’s production cost is approximately $85,000; after trading below this threshold for 280 consecutive days, the price has finally broken through. Network hash rate and mining difficulty have decreased by roughly 19% and 15%, respectively, from their peaks last October. JPMorgan notes that cash flow growth outpaces capital expenditures, indicating that the corporate sector as a whole does not require additional financing. This financing surplus underpins share repurchases, particularly among firms outside the technology sector. AI-driven capital expenditures are crowding out other spending, keeping overall capex growth moderate, and the exuberance of the late 1990s has yet to return. Bitcoin miners are structurally shifting toward AI operations, lowering forced selling risks, though hash rate expansion has decelerated. Bond futures momentum indicators have moved into more extreme bearish zones, with standard deviation scores for the 10-year U.S. Treasury and German Bunds reverting to -1.7 and -1.5, respectively.
According to Tide Research, JPMorgan's research report dated September 8, 2026 noted that on September 4, U.S. spot Bitcoin ETPs recorded a net outflow of $175 million, Ethereum ETPs saw a net inflow of $9 million, and Solana ETPs posted a net outflow of $5 million. For the week, the three major categories combined for a net outflow of $1.126 billion, showing a slight slowdown compared to the previous two weeks. Capital inflows were highly concentrated, with BlackRock's IBIT recording a single-day inflow of $118 million and Fidelity's FBTC seeing an inflow of $57 million, while all other products registered zero inflow. Significant internal hedging was observed within Ethereum ETPs, as BlackRock's ETHA posted an inflow of $58 million against a $48 million outflow for Fidelity's FETH. The total AUM for Bitcoin ETPs stands at $101.25 billion.
Odaily News According to Gate Ventures' latest weekly report, global risk assets have shown a clear recovery over the past week, with major US stock indices collectively hitting new all-time highs. The S&P 500, Nasdaq Composite, and Dow Jones Industrial Average rose 3.58%, 5.19%, and 2.96%, respectively. The crypto market also rebounded in tandem, with BTC up 2.1% on the week and ETH up 1.4%, bringing the total cryptocurrency market cap up 1.4%. On the capital flows front, BTC spot ETFs recorded net inflows of $853 million for the week, while ETH spot ETFs saw net inflows of $244.9 million, indicating further improvement in institutional demand.In terms of industry developments, the integration of traditional finance and blockchain continues to advance. BlackRock has appointed JPMorgan to push forward the tokenization of a European money market fund, exploring 24/7 transfer of blockchain-based fund shares. Grayscale has filed an S-1 registration statement for the first US Worldcoin ETF, further deepening the connection between digital assets and traditional financial markets. Stablecoin infrastructure also remained active, with Yellow Card completing a $40 million strategic funding round and planning to expand its stablecoin account and payment infrastructure into Latin America and the Asia-Pacific markets.On the investment and financing front, eight deals were completed last week, with total disclosed funding reaching $90.64 million, focused on the infrastructure track. Overall, market risk appetite has seen some recovery, with institutional-grade blockchain infrastructure, stablecoins, and asset tokenization remaining key areas of continued industry focus.
According to The Block, the JPMorgan analyst team (led by Managing Director Nikolaos Panigirtzoglou) released a report on July 30 stating that the probability of the "Clarity Act" (Crypto Market Structure Act) passing in the US Senate within the year has dropped to a historic low. The Kalshi prediction market shows a passing probability of only 37%, while Polymarket is even lower at 26%. Analysts pointed out that disagreements on core issues such as ethical provisions, enforcement standards, stablecoin yields, decentralized finance, and illicit finance remain unresolved. Voting is expected to be difficult to complete before the Senate summer recess, and may be postponed until after senators return in mid-September.
analysts at JPMorgan stated that the probability of the U.S. crypto market structure bill, the Clarity Act, passing the Senate by the end of this year has decreased, posing a headwind for the cryptocurrency market. Analysts pointed out that prediction markets show the likelihood of the bill passing this year has dropped to its lowest point of the year, with Kalshi at 37% and Polymarket at 26%.JPMorgan noted that the Senate prioritized other legislative matters before the summer recess. Additionally, unresolved issues such as ethical clauses, enforcement authority, stablecoin yields, DeFi, and illicit finance have made the bill's advancement prospects more uncertain. The bank had previously viewed the Clarity Act as a potential positive catalyst for the crypto market, as it would establish a clearer regulatory framework for the digital asset industry: digital commodities would be regulated by the CFTC, while digital securities would continue to fall under the SEC's jurisdiction.Analysts believe that if the bill is ultimately passed, it would help develop more institutionalized market infrastructure, ease regulatory restrictions on DeFi and stablecoin issuers, boost domestic liquidity and trading volumes in the U.S., and lower the barriers to entry for brokerages, exchanges, market makers, custodians, and bank-related platforms seeking to participate in the crypto industry.
During the 11th year of Ethereum, the Ethereum Foundation underwent organizational restructuring, including leadership departures, layoffs, the introduction of a new CROPS mandate, and the spin-off of EthLabs, Ethereum Systems, and Ethereum Institutional as independent entities. The Ethereum Foundation seeks to further decentralize its role within the ecosystem. Concurrently, Ethereum continued to advance its technology and institutional adoption, launching the Fusaka upgrade and attracting participation from Wall Street institutions such as BlackRock and JPMorgan; cumulative inflows into US spot Ethereum ETFs have exceeded $11.23 billion.
Odaily News: Standard Chartered initiated coverage on Monday of blockchain oracle project Chainlink, projecting LINK to reach $200 by the end of 2030 — roughly 25 times its current price of around $8. The bank's phased targets are $13 by the end of this year, followed by $41, $82, and $133. Standard Chartered estimates that the on-chain tokenized asset market will reach $4 trillion by the end of 2028, with DeFi-deployed assets hitting $2.7 trillion by 2030 — a 37-fold increase from current levels. The bank expects Chainlink fees to grow approximately 25-fold over the same period, assuming token prices track fee growth. Chainlink secures over $110 billion in total value, covering approximately 70% of the value that global DeFi relies on from oracles, with a share exceeding 80% on Ethereum; Aave V3 accounts for 44% of that. Swift, DTCC, Euroclear, JPMorgan, Mastercard, UBS, Fidelity, and S&P Global are all listed as institutions using its services. Chainlink still lags behind LayerZero in cross-chain interoperability. Following the $292 million attack in April, over $7 billion in token value has migrated to Chainlink CCIP, with second-quarter transaction volume reaching $4.9 billion — up 353% year-over-year. Risks include slowing institutional tokenization, pilots not converting to production processes, and technical failures impacting confidence. (Decrypt)
Bank of America CEO Brian Moynihan has joined a group of Wall Street leaders in expressing serious concerns about artificial intelligence models such as "Mythos" developed by Anthropic. "This marks a significant shift in workload, as well as the speed at which these tools can impact system vulnerabilities, and how quickly we must respond," Moynihan stated. In recent months, the rapid evolution of AI models has prompted the financial industry and the U.S. government to begin assessing potential threats.Anthropic claims that the Mythos model, launched earlier this year, has demonstrated excellent performance in identifying system vulnerabilities. Bank of America is among the Wall Street institutions authorized to use Mythos, employing the model to test its own systems and share information with peers. Currently, the model has not been made available to the public; JPMorgan Chase CEO Jamie Dimon warned earlier this week that broadly opening the system to the public would be as dangerous as "giving a ballistic missile to an individual." (Bloomberg)
According to The Block, JPMorgan analysts noted in their latest report that ongoing DeFi security vulnerabilities and stagnant growth in total value locked (TVL) continue to constrain institutional enthusiasm for the DeFi sector. Recently, Kelp DAO’s cross-chain bridge suffered a major attack, during which the attacker minted $292 million worth of uncollateralized rsETH tokens and borrowed real ETH on Aave, resulting in approximately $230 million in bad debt. This caused DeFi TVL to evaporate by roughly $20 billion within several days. LayerZero and blockchain security researchers have attributed this attack to the North Korean hacker group Lazarus Group; some of the stolen funds have been frozen, while the rest remain in circulation. Analysts also pointed out that DeFi TVL denominated in ETH has remained range-bound for an extended period, raising market concerns about whether DeFi can achieve organic growth sufficient to support institutional adoption. Furthermore, following each security incident, users tend to shift funds into USDT as a safe-haven asset—yet this trend has not yet significantly driven USDT’s market capitalization growth.
According to Odaily, SpaceX's stock price has recently been fluctuating within a narrow range, but a new wave of buying may arrive soon as the Nasdaq 100 Index undergoes its quarterly rebalancing later this month. Due to lock-up restrictions, SpaceX has a relatively low proportion of freely floating shares, which currently gives it a weight of only 1.25% in the Nasdaq 100 Index, ranking 19th. Despite its market capitalization exceeding $2 trillion, placing it sixth among the index's constituents.Following the next index rebalancing, SpaceX's weight is expected to increase. The adjustments will be announced after the market close on Friday and take effect on September 21. This is partly because more than 1 billion shares have already been unlocked, raising SpaceX's free-float shares from less than 10% of total shares outstanding shortly after the IPO to nearly 30%.According to a report released Tuesday by J.P. Morgan Securities strategists including Min Moon, SpaceX's weight could rise to 1.51% after the rebalancing, which would trigger approximately $12.4 billion in passive net buying of SpaceX shares by index funds and ETFs. Nasdaq data shows that as of the end of the second quarter, approximately $1.7 trillion in assets were tracking the Nasdaq 100 Index, including the Invesco QQQ Trust Series 1 exchange-traded fund, widely known by its ticker QQQ.
Goldman Sachs, Bank of America, JPMorgan Chase, and 18 other institutions have announced the formation of a new company, planning to issue a regulated US dollar stablecoin in the first half of 2027, followed by an expansion to other G7 currencies such as the euro.
According to CriptoNoticias, data from El Salvador's National Digital Assets Commission (CNAD) shows that 233 new tokens were registered in the country's digital asset market in 2026, with 182 concentrated between July and August, accounting for 78.1% of the annual total. The registered assets encompass tokenized stocks of tech giants including Apple, Microsoft, Nvidia, Amazon, Alphabet, and Meta, alongside financial institutions such as JPMorgan Chase, Bank of America, Visa, and Mastercard. The list also features consumer brands like Walmart, Netflix, McDonald's, and Coca-Cola, as well as tokenized versions of indices and assets such as the S&P 500, NASDAQ 100, gold, and U.S. Treasury bonds. Major issuers include MIO 3 MARKETS 1 (101), Monetae Securities (70), and NexBridge Digital Financial Solutions (27). Additionally, 35 tokens originate from local Salvadoran enterprises, covering corporate bonds, commercial paper, real estate financing instruments, and venture capital agreements.
According to Chaowang Research, JPMorgan’s August 28 research report states that OpenRouter platform token volume increased 47% month-over-month and 28 times year-over-year in August, while expenditure rose 7% month-over-month and 12 times year-over-year; the volume-weighted average price decreased 28% month-over-month, with low-priced models such as GPT-5.6 Luna accounting for approximately 99% of the incremental volume. In the GPU rental market, A100 prices remained flat at $1.65/hour, H100 rebounded to $2.73 (+1.2%), and B200 fell 1.5% month-over-month to $5.63, marking the first monthly decline since the index was published in September 2025. DRAM spot prices have risen for five consecutive months, with DDR5 16Gb reaching $50.20 (+6% month-over-month, +880% year-over-year); NAND ended a four-month downward trend, with 1Tb quoted at $30.50 (+14% month-over-month, +470% year-over-year). JPMorgan observes that AI computing demand continues to expand, yet structural shifts on the supply side are reshaping pricing dynamics. Closed-source and open-source models are growing in tandem, with lower-priced models gaining market share while higher-priced models drive the majority of revenue. The price reduction for B200 reflects increased capacity for next-generation GPUs, while the rebound in H100 pricing demonstrates sustained demand resilience for the preceding generation. With both DRAM and NAND showing strength, the ongoing crowding-out effect of HBM on DRAM capacity continues to provide positive support to semiconductor equipment suppliers.
According to Bloomberg, insiders revealed that JPMorgan has initiated preliminary discussions with potential lenders to secure a $5 billion debt financing package to support Volta Infra Holdings Ltd. in constructing artificial intelligence data centers. Earlier this month, Volta AI completed a $300 million venture capital funding round at a valuation of $2.4 billion, with the goal of enabling more technology firms to access costly AI chip resources.
Odaily News, Justin Sun stated at the Bitcoin Asia 2026 conference in Hong Kong that the threat of quantum computing to blockchain and the entire financial system is widespread, with traditional banks such as JPMorgan facing the same risks. Due to the highly decentralized nature of the Bitcoin community, which involves multiple participants including miners, exchanges, and WBTC, reaching a quantum-resistant consensus will take a considerable amount of time. Justin Sun stated that TRON has been researching quantum-resistant mechanisms over the past year, having released a quantum-resistant address solution and launched it on the testnet in the first half of this year. The project plans to upgrade the entire network into a mainstream crypto network with quantum-resistant capabilities by the end of this year.
According to TheStreet, the Solana Foundation has announced the launch of Solana DvP (Delivery-versus-Payment), an open-source delivery-versus-payment settlement program designed for institutions, aimed at helping financial institutions achieve synchronous settlement of assets and funds on the Solana blockchain. JPMorgan provided relevant guidance on institutional settlement needs during the project's development. The Solana Foundation stated that Solana DvP is based on DvP settlement principles from traditional financial markets, where asset delivery and payment occur simultaneously to mitigate counterparty risk arising from scenarios where one party completes payment while the other fails to deliver assets. While traditional markets typically require processes through clearinghouses and custodians and take one to two business days to settle, Solana DvP enables synchronous transfer of assets and funds through a single atomic transaction, completing settlement within seconds. Previously, institutional on-chain settlement typically required custom smart contracts for each transaction, whereas Solana DvP provides a unified standard, operates under an MIT open-source license, and allows institutions to use and build upon it without authorization fees.
Odaily News: Bitcoin Treasuries posted on X that over the past month, the combined average daily trading volume of Strategy's MSTR and STRC was 1.3 times the combined average daily trading volume of JPMorgan's JPM and its largest preferred stock JPM-PJ.
According to Trend Research, a JPMorgan research report dated September 28, 2026 notes that the technology and AI ecosystem stagnated for three months from June through last week, though valuation downgrades have already become highly pronounced across most sectors. Forward earnings for semiconductors continue to climb by approximately 30%, while software has seen almost no earnings upgrades. Valuations for the Tech Seven Giants have fallen to ten-year lows, trading at nearly one standard deviation below the broader market. Capital expenditures by hyperscalers are projected to grow at a 28% compound annual growth rate through 2030. JPMorgan argues that with cleaner positioning, persistent earnings momentum, and an intact capital expenditure upcycle, it advises re-entering the technology sector and reopening a semiconductor-over-software pair trade. Agentic AI is pushing the CPU-to-GPU ratio from 1:4 to 1:8 toward 1:1, providing tailwinds for CPU-related names.
Odaily News: Physical AI company SiMa.ai has announced the completion of a $150 million Series C funding round, co-led by Fidelity Management & Research Company and Amplify, with participation from Alter Venture Partners, Dell Technologies Capital, Maverick Capital, Point72, StepStone Group, and others. AllianceBernstein, Baron Capital, JPMorgan Chase, and the State of Michigan joined as new investors. The company's cumulative funding has reached $500 million, with a valuation of $1.45 billion. It is reported that the funds will be used to accelerate the scaling of its Palette Neat agent software environment, and the company plans to launch a dedicated physical AI chip capable of achieving 1000 dense TOPS of computing power in the first half of 2028. (Businesswire)
Odaily News: Hut 8 announced the completion of a $1.07 billion four-year senior secured revolving credit facility, with JPMorgan serving as Lead Arranger, Bookrunner, and Administrative Agent, Citi, Goldman Sachs, and Morgan Stanley serving as Joint Lead Arrangers and Joint Bookrunners, and a syndicate comprising 12 lending institutions in total. Hut 8 is primarily engaged in energy infrastructure and digital asset mining businesses.
According to Chaohang Research, JPMorgan’s September 24, 2026 research report indicates that U.S. corporate financing surplus in Q2 2026 approached 2% of GDP, marking the highest level for non-crisis periods since data tracking began in 1952. Non-financial corporate surplus stood at approximately 1.5%, the highest for non-crisis periods since 1958. Global equity buybacks are projected to reach $1.7 trillion in 2026, with U.S. corporations accounting for $1.3 trillion. Bitcoin’s production cost is approximately $85,000; after trading below this threshold for 280 consecutive days, the price has finally broken through. Network hash rate and mining difficulty have decreased by roughly 19% and 15%, respectively, from their peaks last October. JPMorgan notes that cash flow growth outpaces capital expenditures, indicating that the corporate sector as a whole does not require additional financing. This financing surplus underpins share repurchases, particularly among firms outside the technology sector. AI-driven capital expenditures are crowding out other spending, keeping overall capex growth moderate, and the exuberance of the late 1990s has yet to return. Bitcoin miners are structurally shifting toward AI operations, lowering forced selling risks, though hash rate expansion has decelerated. Bond futures momentum indicators have moved into more extreme bearish zones, with standard deviation scores for the 10-year U.S. Treasury and German Bunds reverting to -1.7 and -1.5, respectively.