The first blockchain with smart contract functionality
Ethereum is the first decentralized, open-source blockchain with smart contract functionality. It was initially described in a white paper by Vitalik Buterin in late 2013 and launched in 2015. This network serves as the foundation for an ecosystem of interoperable, decentralized applications (dApps) powered by token economies and automated smart contracts. Assets and applications designed on Ethereum are built with self-executing smart contracts that eliminate the need for a central authority or intermediary. u2028The network is powered by its native cryptocurrency ether (ETH), which is used to pay transaction fees. Ethereum has the characteristics of being open-source, programmable, private, and censorship-resistant, forming the backbone of a decentralized internet.
Standard Chartered Bank has initiated coverage on the decentralized exchange protocol Uniswap, predicting its UNI token could rise from its current price of approximately $2.70 to $100 by the end of 2030, representing a gain of nearly 40 times.Geoffrey Kendrick, Global Head of Digital Assets Research at Standard Chartered, stated that the next wave of wealth creation opportunities in the digital asset space may come from DeFi protocols. The core logic is that the scale of tokenized assets entering DeFi will grow significantly, thereby enhancing the trading asset base and fee potential for protocols like Uniswap.Standard Chartered estimates that tokenized assets on-chain will grow from approximately $340 billion today to $4 trillion by the end of 2028. Of this, the proportion flowing into DeFi is expected to rise from roughly 3.5% currently to 30% by the end of 2030. Combined with the growth of crypto-native assets, the total value locked in DeFi could reach approximately $2.7 trillion, an increase of about 37 times compared to today.Kendrick believes that if Uniswap can successfully commercialize and establish sufficient partnerships with traditional financial institutions, its valuation multiple relative to trading fees could improve, narrowing the gap with centralized exchanges like Coinbase.Standard Chartered's projected price path for UNI is: $6.50 by the end of 2026, $20 by the end of 2027, $40 by the end of 2028, $65 by the end of 2029, and $100 by the end of 2030. The bank also expects UNI to potentially outperform ETH and BTC during this period.
Odaily News Analysts believe that SpaceX's upcoming IPO could become a new source of short-term pressure for Bitcoin and the crypto market. As the company is reportedly set to open up to 30% of its IPO shares to retail investors, some investors may sell high-risk assets like Bitcoin and Ethereum to free up capital to participate in this high-profile offering.SpaceX plans to issue shares at $135 each, aiming to raise $75 billion, with a valuation of approximately $1.77 trillion. A GSR trading executive noted that crypto assets could become one of the funding sources for some investors looking to raise capital for the IPO.Recently, there have been views suggesting that hot IPOs like SpaceX, and potentially future ones such as OpenAI and Anthropic, could drive capital outflows from the crypto market, putting pressure on Bitcoin and Ethereum prices.However, SpaceX's listing could also conversely boost on-chain trading activity. Currently, platforms like Hyperliquid and Binance already offer SpaceX-related perpetual contracts and tokenized stock products, and trading activity for these assets may increase further with the IPO.
10x Research stated that Bitmine raised a total of $1.92 billion through 50 equity issuances between July 2025 and June 2026, allocating nearly all proceeds toward purchasing 5,543,872 ETH—approximately 4.6% of the circulating supply. At $1,650 per ETH, its current reserve value stands at roughly $9.1 billion, resulting in an unrealized loss of approximately $10.1 billion for investors, representing a 52% drawdown from invested capital.
Bitget Wallet has opened the first subscription for SpaceX’s tokenized IPO stock, SPCXx, with a total quota of $3 million. The minimum subscription amount is $10 per user, and the maximum per user is $5,000—on a first-come, first-served basis. SPCXx is issued by xStocks, a tokenized stock trading platform. The subscription price is $135, and underwriters will charge an additional 5% fee. Subscriptions open at 4:00 PM Beijing Time on June 9 and close at 4:00 PM Beijing Time on June 11. Upon completion of the subscription period, SPCXx tokens will be automatically sent to users’ wallets, with distribution expected to be finalized by 8:30 PM Beijing Time on June 12. This subscription requires no overseas brokerage or exchange accounts, VIP tier, or holding prerequisites. Users may pay directly using stablecoins—including USDT and USDC—on Base, Ethereum, BNB Chain, Solana, and TRON. The SpaceX tokenized IPO operates via xStocks—a collaboration between Bitget Wallet and Backed. The tokenized stocks issued are fully backed 1:1 by underlying assets held by Backed. Note that the $135 subscription price is not the final fixed issuance price; the final IPO price will be determined by the issuer and underwriters based on a comprehensive assessment of order book demand, market conditions, and valuation factors. During the subscription period, users typically see only a reference price.
According to the Central Bank of Russia’s “Financial Stability Review,” Russian private investors currently hold approximately 3.8 billion rubles in cryptocurrency-linked financial instruments—a figure nearly unchanged from 3.7 billion rubles six months earlier—indicating stagnation in market interest growth. Of this amount, 1.7 billion rubles flowed into crypto-linked corporate bonds; 5,600 investors collectively held cryptocurrency futures positions worth 1.7 billion rubles; and roughly 3,800 investors allocated 354 million rubles to digital financial assets pegged to Bitcoin and Ethereum. Major issuers include large banks such as Sber and VTB. Meanwhile, the Moscow Exchange has progressively launched Bitcoin and Ethereum futures, along with related ETFs, and will introduce Solana, Ripple, and TRON futures in May 2026.
According to The Block, the DeFi lending protocol Radiant Capital has announced it will officially cease operations. The protocol suffered a hack in October 2024, losing approximately $51 million; the attacker gained unauthorized access by deploying backdoor contracts on Arbitrum and BNB Chain. Earlier in 2024, the protocol had also been hit by a flash loan attack, resulting in a loss of roughly 1,900 ETH (approximately $4.5 million). After 18 months of recovery efforts, Radiant Capital stated that it has neither recovered a significant portion of the stolen funds nor secured new financing, declaring that “the DAO has no viable path forward.” The protocol will now enter a “maintenance mode”: its frontend and smart contracts remain accessible, allowing users to withdraw funds, repay loans, and manage positions. Any funds recovered in the future will be returned to affected users.
According to Cryptopolitan, Ivan Chebeskov, Deputy Minister of Finance of Russia, stated during the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum (SPIEF 2026) that USDC will be added to Russia’s regulated cryptocurrency list alongside BTC, ETH, and USDT—previously approved cryptocurrencies. He also revealed that smaller stablecoins pegged to currencies of “friendly jurisdictions,” such as the Russian ruble or the UAE dirham, may also be granted market access. Russia’s draft “Law on Digital Currency and Digital Rights” must be finalized by July 1; upon enactment, non-accredited investors will gain legal access to cryptocurrency investments for the first time—though with an annual investment cap of 300,000 rubles (approximately USD 4,000).
According to an official FBI notice, the Federal Bureau of Investigation issued a public announcement on June 16, 2026, stating that it had seized substantial assets across multiple U.S. judicial districts for violations of federal law. Seized assets include cash, vehicles, cryptocurrencies, jewelry, firearms, and electronic devices. The seized assets span a broad range, including: multiple large cash deposits and luxury goods—including Hermès and Chanel handbags and jewelry—in California; various cryptocurrencies—including Bitcoin and Ethereum—in Connecticut; over $460,000 in USDT stablecoins in Texas; nearly $500,000 in USDT in Indiana; and more than $1.1 million across multiple bank accounts held by CO EBikes LLC in Colorado.
in response to a suspected attack on the Aztec Router contract on the Ethereum chain, Aztec Labs has formally launched an investigation. At the same time, it clarified that Aztec Connect was deprecated three years ago, and that Aztec Labs does not hold any admin keys or control over the system, and cannot currently pause or upgrade it. Therefore, the community is advised to be wary of fake "support" accounts and direct messages.
crypto asset trading platform Gate has announced the listing of RLUSD, a U.S. dollar stablecoin launched by Ripple, at 17:00 (UTC+8) on June 15. Simultaneously, it will open the BTC/RLUSD, ETH/RLUSD, XRP/RLUSD, and RLUSD/USDT trading pairs. RLUSD is fully backed 1:1 by U.S. dollar deposits, short-term U.S. Treasury bonds, and other cash equivalents, with monthly reserve audit reports enhancing transparency and compliance. This stablecoin is specifically designed for payment use cases, aiming to meet the growing demand from users, developers, and institutions for transparent, interoperable stablecoins with real-world application capabilities.To support the listing, Gate has simultaneously launched a market incentive program totaling 750,000 RLUSD. This program includes measures such as CandyDrop trading incentives, VIP-exclusive airdrops, withdrawal fee reductions, and KOL promotions, all designed to drive genuine trading demand, improve market depth, and attract new user participation and market vitality. The listing of RLUSD combined with the concentrated release of incentive resources demonstrates Gate's strategic direction of continuously improving its stablecoin trading ecosystem and enhancing multi-asset liquidity and trading efficiency. Moving forward, Gate will expand its offerings with more high-quality assets and ecosystem partnerships, driving the continued evolution of digital asset market infrastructure.
the actively managed crypto ETF launched by T. Rowe Price was approved by the U.S. SEC on June 12, 2026, marking a key step toward its listing on NYSE Arca. Although the product has not yet begun trading, it is close to being officially opened to investors.The ETF plans to allocate between 5 and 15 crypto assets. The current draft shows it will cover major assets such as Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH), Solana, and XRP, along with highly volatile tokens like Dogecoin (DOGE) and Shiba Inu (SHIB), reflecting a strategy to expand into a broader digital asset portfolio. The approval process accelerated since April 2026, during which T. Rowe Price submitted multiple revised proposals. The SEC formally approved the second amended filing on June 12, indicating growing regulatory acceptance of multi-asset crypto ETF structures.Market analysts believe that if the product successfully launches, it will further expand institutional investors' compliant exposure to diversified crypto assets and could set a regulatory precedent for more actively managed multi-currency crypto ETFs in the future. (intellectia)
A cryptography expert advisory committee led by Coinbase released a report stating that Bitcoin should immediately begin preparing for potential quantum computing attacks. However, the committee did not take a clear stance on whether to freeze the millions of bitcoins potentially vulnerable to quantum-computing theft in the future. The committee includes several leading experts, such as Justin Drake, a researcher at the Ethereum Foundation. They argue that the current debate is not about *how* to introduce quantum-resistant signature schemes, but rather *how to handle* bitcoins held in long-dormant addresses that fail to migrate. One camp advocates setting a final deadline after which Bitcoin’s existing ECDSA and Schnorr signature schemes would no longer be supported, and unmigrated funds would be frozen—thereby preventing future quantum attackers from seizing large amounts of BTC and destabilizing markets. The other camp contends that freezing funds would effectively amount to asset confiscation, violating Bitcoin’s core principles of immutability and full user control over assets—and could set a precedent for future regulatory-driven freezes. The Coinbase advisory committee notes that these approaches are not mutually exclusive and could be combined. Yet it declines to state a position on whether “legacy BTC” should be frozen, asserting that the ultimate decision rests with Bitcoin’s community governance. It emphasizes two key points: first, technical development of quantum-resistant signature migration must begin immediately—not wait for governance debates to conclude; second, users must receive clear, timely risk communication to prevent prolonged uncertainty from harming the Bitcoin ecosystem.
According to data from Trader T (@thepfund), yesterday’s Ethereum spot ETFs recorded net inflows of $9.61 million. BlackRock’s $ETHA was the largest contributor, with single-day inflows of $17.34 million. Bitwise’s $ETHW saw outflows of $3.47 million and Fidelity’s $FETH experienced outflows of $2.23 million, partially offsetting the gains.
Odaily reports, according to Onchain Lens monitoring, the whale geministar.eth has withdrawn 11,100 ETH from Binance, worth $19.94 million. Over the past 3 days, this whale has withdrawn a total of 32,300 ETH from Binance, worth $57 million, and used the funds for staking.
according to on-chain analyst Ember monitoring, 5 hours ago, Bitmine continued to purchase 20,000 ETH through FalconX, valued at $35.85 million. Bitmine is still approximately 380,000 ETH (worth $680 million) away from its target of holding 5% of the total ETH supply.
according to on-chain analyst Ember's monitoring, a whale who recently shorted ETH has continued to short an additional 9,000 ETH after ETH's rebound. The whale borrowed 9,000 ETH from Aave, transferred them to Binance, and then withdrew 16.37 million USDT. The whale is currently shorting 44,000 ETH, worth $78.89 million, at an average short price of $1,702, with an unrealized loss of $3.08 million.
According to data from Trader T (@thepfund), yesterday’s Ethereum spot ETFs recorded net inflows of $22.58 million, a marked improvement from the $4.93 million net outflow on June 12. Among them, BlackRock’s ETHA saw inflows of $17.62 million—accounting for over 70% of total inflows—and delivered the strongest performance. Grayscale’s mini-ETH ETF recorded inflows of $3.12 million, while Grayscale’s ETHE saw $1.77 million in inflows. Fidelity’s FETH, Bitwise’s ETHW, 21Shares’ TETH, Invesco’s QETH, Franklin Templeton’s EZET, and VanEck’s ETHV all registered zero inflows on the day.
According to on-chain analytics platform Lookonchain (@lookonchain), an OTC whale purchased 29,000 ETH (approximately $53.1 million) during last week’s ETH price decline and sold the entire position five hours ago, realizing a profit of approximately $6.4 million from this swing trade.
Humanity has announced the $H incident recovery plan: The legacy version of H on Ethereum, BNB Smart Chain, and Humanity Mainnet has been deprecated. A new Ethereum ERC-20 version of H will be airdropped 1:1 to eligible holders based on a pre-attack snapshot. Attackers and associated addresses have been excluded.
According to PeckShield monitoring, structured products protocol ThetanutsFi has been attacked, resulting in a loss of approximately $2.1 million. Of this, roughly $2 million in option tokens have been recovered by a white hat address. The attacker has exchanged $105,000 USDC for approximately 60 ETH, and still holds USDC option tokens worth around $34,000.
in response to a suspected attack on the Aztec Router contract on the Ethereum chain, Aztec Labs has formally launched an investigation. At the same time, it clarified that Aztec Connect was deprecated three years ago, and that Aztec Labs does not hold any admin keys or control over the system, and cannot currently pause or upgrade it. Therefore, the community is advised to be wary of fake "support" accounts and direct messages.
According to on-chain analyst Yu Jin (@EmberCN), the attacker responsible for the March THE liquidation event on the Venus platform sold 1,912 ETH for $3.26 million one hour ago to repay part of their loan on Aave. That loan was originally taken out by collateralizing ETH and was used to manipulate the Venus liquidations. The attacker’s address still has $6.78 million in USDT outstanding on Aave.
A cryptography expert advisory committee led by Coinbase released a report stating that Bitcoin should immediately begin preparing for potential quantum computing attacks. However, the committee did not take a clear stance on whether to freeze the millions of bitcoins potentially vulnerable to quantum-computing theft in the future. The committee includes several leading experts, such as Justin Drake, a researcher at the Ethereum Foundation. They argue that the current debate is not about *how* to introduce quantum-resistant signature schemes, but rather *how to handle* bitcoins held in long-dormant addresses that fail to migrate. One camp advocates setting a final deadline after which Bitcoin’s existing ECDSA and Schnorr signature schemes would no longer be supported, and unmigrated funds would be frozen—thereby preventing future quantum attackers from seizing large amounts of BTC and destabilizing markets. The other camp contends that freezing funds would effectively amount to asset confiscation, violating Bitcoin’s core principles of immutability and full user control over assets—and could set a precedent for future regulatory-driven freezes. The Coinbase advisory committee notes that these approaches are not mutually exclusive and could be combined. Yet it declines to state a position on whether “legacy BTC” should be frozen, asserting that the ultimate decision rests with Bitcoin’s community governance. It emphasizes two key points: first, technical development of quantum-resistant signature migration must begin immediately—not wait for governance debates to conclude; second, users must receive clear, timely risk communication to prevent prolonged uncertainty from harming the Bitcoin ecosystem.
Odaily, Mitchell Amador, CEO of bug bounty platform Immunefi, stated at the WAIB Summit that new AI models such as Claude Opus 4.8 and ChatGPT 5.5 are shifting the balance of cybersecurity offense and defense in favor of attackers, leading to a resurgence in crypto hacks in 2026. Data from DefiLlama shows that in April 2026, illicit actors stole over $634 million from crypto platforms, the highest monthly total since the Bybit hack in February 2025 drove losses of approximately $1.4 billion.Amador stated that the crypto industry is in a critical survival period for the next three to four years until security teams leverage similar AI models to build codebases that attackers cannot breach; if the industry adopts more crowd-sourced security solutions, this timeline could be shortened to within two years. The latest Claude Mythos model, Fable 5, from AI company Anthropic, previously raised concerns about accelerating the ability to exploit crypto vulnerabilities.Anthropic stated that Fable 5 has safeguards in place that will redirect topics related to cybersecurity and similar fields to Claude Opus 4.8. On April 19, an attacker transferred approximately 116,500 restaked Ethereum (rsETH) from Kelp DAO's LayerZero-based rsETH bridge, valued at around $290 million to $293 million at the time. Cross-chain protocol LayerZero stated that the 1/1 decentralized verification network configuration of Kelp DAO relied on a single verification path for processing cross-chain messages, creating a single point of failure. (Cointelegraph)
Odaily News, According to an official announcement, Binance Wallet has launched the Web3 API, a comprehensive set of API endpoints that allows developers, institutions, and advanced on-chain traders to programmatically access on-chain trading and market data through a single integration. The API supports multiple chains (including Ethereum, BNB Smart Chain, Plasma, Arbitrum, Polygon, Base, Monad, Optimism, Linea, and Solana), providing real-time market data, aggregated swap quotes, and on-chain transaction execution capabilities. Key features include: Market Data API (real-time token prices, candlestick/K-line data), Transaction API (aggregated quotes, token swaps, built-in MEV protection), Non-Custodial Architecture (no private key holding, local user signing), and Enterprise-Grade Reliability. Currently, there are zero service fees and zero positive slippage fees; all price improvements are returned to the user. This API is suitable for developers building DApps, on-chain trading bots, and AI agents.
According to CoinDesk, Ethereum core developers have entered the final development phase of the Glamsterdam upgrade and are currently running development networks (devnets) that incorporate all planned Ethereum Improvement Proposals (EIPs); once complete, the upgrade will advance to public testnets. Parithosh Jayanthi, a core developer at the Ethereum Foundation, stated that Glamsterdam “could be the largest fork upgrade since the Merge,” fundamentally altering many foundational assumptions of Ethereum and laying the groundwork for large-scale future scaling. It is expected to go live in the second half of 2026, though the exact date remains undetermined. Key components of this upgrade include: First, embedded Proposer-Builder Separation (ePBS, EIP-7732), which moves off-chain block building and proposing processes on-chain to reduce MEV-related manipulation risks and centralization concerns; Second, block-level access lists (EIP-7928), enabling blocks to pre-declare accounts and smart contract data they need to access, thereby improving block execution efficiency and predictability; Third, broad gas fee repricing—costs for high-compute operations will decrease while state storage costs will increase—to more accurately reflect resource consumption and ensure compatibility with zero-knowledge proof-based scaling solutions. Currently, the development team is focused on testing, finalizing specifications, and community communication.
Squid, a cross-chain infrastructure platform, has announced the integration of RLUSD, the stablecoin issued by Ripple. Users can now swap into or out of RLUSD in a single transaction across different blockchains and digital assets.Through this integration, RLUSD will gain access to over 100 blockchains and more than 20,000 tokens supported by Squid. Users can directly exchange assets such as USDC, USDT, ETH, and XRP for RLUSD without needing to manually bridge chains, wrap tokens, or execute multiple transactions.RLUSD is natively issued on the XRP Ledger and Ethereum, and has been extended to Ethereum Layer 2 networks such as the XRPL EVM Sidechain, Optimism, Base, Ink, and Unichain via Wormhole's Native Token Transfer standard. Squid's routing layer sits atop these underlying transfer mechanisms, allowing users to utilize RLUSD irrespective of the specific issuance chain.Squid states that its intent-based routing system, which uses market makers to fulfill orders with liquidity on the destination chain, can settle transactions within seconds and is compatible with various cross-chain messaging and issuance standards. Beyond end-users, developers can also integrate RLUSD through Squid's tools for applications including cross-chain payments, treasury management, user onboarding, and DeFi.
Humanity has announced the $H incident recovery plan: The legacy version of H on Ethereum, BNB Smart Chain, and Humanity Mainnet has been deprecated. A new Ethereum ERC-20 version of H will be airdropped 1:1 to eligible holders based on a pre-attack snapshot. Attackers and associated addresses have been excluded.
According to an official FBI notice, the Federal Bureau of Investigation issued a public announcement on June 16, 2026, stating that it had seized substantial assets across multiple U.S. judicial districts for violations of federal law. Seized assets include cash, vehicles, cryptocurrencies, jewelry, firearms, and electronic devices. The seized assets span a broad range, including: multiple large cash deposits and luxury goods—including Hermès and Chanel handbags and jewelry—in California; various cryptocurrencies—including Bitcoin and Ethereum—in Connecticut; over $460,000 in USDT stablecoins in Texas; nearly $500,000 in USDT in Indiana; and more than $1.1 million across multiple bank accounts held by CO EBikes LLC in Colorado.
According to an official announcement from Polygon, the Polygon zkEVM Mainnet Beta will officially initiate its shutdown process on July 1, 2026, leaving approximately two weeks until full service cessation. The team urgently reminds users to withdraw all on-chain assets and liquidity positions before this deadline, as failure to do so may result in irretrievable loss of assets.The shutdown details two distinct rules for different asset types: Locked funds deposited in various DeFi protocol contracts will not be supported for automatic migration and cannot be recovered after the deadline; only assets held directly in personal wallets that have not been bridged back to Ethereum Mainnet in advance will be automatically migrated by the system to Ethereum L1, where users can claim them via a dedicated page. The platform urges users to promptly complete pool withdrawals and cross-chain operations to avoid the risk of permanent asset loss.
Odaily News, According to an official announcement, Binance Wallet has launched the Web3 API, a comprehensive set of API endpoints that allows developers, institutions, and advanced on-chain traders to programmatically access on-chain trading and market data through a single integration. The API supports multiple chains (including Ethereum, BNB Smart Chain, Plasma, Arbitrum, Polygon, Base, Monad, Optimism, Linea, and Solana), providing real-time market data, aggregated swap quotes, and on-chain transaction execution capabilities. Key features include: Market Data API (real-time token prices, candlestick/K-line data), Transaction API (aggregated quotes, token swaps, built-in MEV protection), Non-Custodial Architecture (no private key holding, local user signing), and Enterprise-Grade Reliability. Currently, there are zero service fees and zero positive slippage fees; all price improvements are returned to the user. This API is suitable for developers building DApps, on-chain trading bots, and AI agents.
According to data from Trader T (@thepfund), yesterday’s Ethereum spot ETFs recorded net inflows of $9.61 million. BlackRock’s $ETHA was the largest contributor, with single-day inflows of $17.34 million. Bitwise’s $ETHW saw outflows of $3.47 million and Fidelity’s $FETH experienced outflows of $2.23 million, partially offsetting the gains.
According to Onchain Lens monitoring, a whale opened a 20x long position of 1,036.37 BTC and a 23x long position of 6,291 ETH, with a combined value of $79.55 million. The address has previously profited over $4 million from long and short trading of BTC and ETH.
Odaily reports, according to Onchain Lens monitoring, the whale geministar.eth has withdrawn 11,100 ETH from Binance, worth $19.94 million. Over the past 3 days, this whale has withdrawn a total of 32,300 ETH from Binance, worth $57 million, and used the funds for staking.
According to Cryptopolitan, Ivan Chebeskov, Deputy Minister of Finance of Russia, stated during the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum (SPIEF 2026) that USDC will be added to Russia’s regulated cryptocurrency list alongside BTC, ETH, and USDT—previously approved cryptocurrencies. He also revealed that smaller stablecoins pegged to currencies of “friendly jurisdictions,” such as the Russian ruble or the UAE dirham, may also be granted market access. Russia’s draft “Law on Digital Currency and Digital Rights” must be finalized by July 1; upon enactment, non-accredited investors will gain legal access to cryptocurrency investments for the first time—though with an annual investment cap of 300,000 rubles (approximately USD 4,000).
According to CoinDesk, Ethereum core developers have entered the final development phase of the Glamsterdam upgrade and are currently running development networks (devnets) that incorporate all planned Ethereum Improvement Proposals (EIPs); once complete, the upgrade will advance to public testnets. Parithosh Jayanthi, a core developer at the Ethereum Foundation, stated that Glamsterdam “could be the largest fork upgrade since the Merge,” fundamentally altering many foundational assumptions of Ethereum and laying the groundwork for large-scale future scaling. It is expected to go live in the second half of 2026, though the exact date remains undetermined. Key components of this upgrade include: First, embedded Proposer-Builder Separation (ePBS, EIP-7732), which moves off-chain block building and proposing processes on-chain to reduce MEV-related manipulation risks and centralization concerns; Second, block-level access lists (EIP-7928), enabling blocks to pre-declare accounts and smart contract data they need to access, thereby improving block execution efficiency and predictability; Third, broad gas fee repricing—costs for high-compute operations will decrease while state storage costs will increase—to more accurately reflect resource consumption and ensure compatibility with zero-knowledge proof-based scaling solutions. Currently, the development team is focused on testing, finalizing specifications, and community communication.