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Tornado Cash

Tornado Cash

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Decentralized protocol for private transactions

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Project Overview

Tornado Cash is a decentralized and non-custodial privacy solution. It improves transaction privacy by breaking the on-chain link between source and destination addresses. This is achieved through a smart contract that accepts ETH and other token deposits from one address, and enables their withdrawal from a different address.

Donald Trump earned over $1.4 billion from crypto businesses in 2025, while CLARITY Act identified with five major flaws

Odaily News: On August 5, the minority staff of the U.S. Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs stated that the July 22 version of the CLARITY Act fails to meet five minimum standards. The bill, numbered H.R. 3633, aims to divide digital asset regulatory authority between the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC). The analysis suggests that the bill's two-tier system could remove certain blockchain assets from SEC oversight, allowing issuing companies to self-certify exemptions from securities regulation. Healthy Markets and five labor organizations have raised concerns over pension protections and securities law loopholes, while minority staff also noted that investors' private right of action and state and tribal enforcement powers could be weakened. Minority staff stated that DeFi-related companies could be exempt from anti-illegal financing obligations even if they earn millions of dollars from platform transactions; some crypto mixers may circumvent U.S. sanctions by exploiting the "Tornado Cash loophole." The Independent Community Bankers of America (ICBA) and the Conference of State Bank Supervisors (CSBS) warned that stablecoin yields could drain deposits from community banks, and the Systemic Risk Council has flagged related banking activities as potential bailout risks. Minority staff noted that Donald Trump alone earned over $1.4 billion from crypto businesses in 2025, with related enforcement solely under the purview of his Attorney General, and that obligations would terminate upon his departure from office. Elizabeth Warren and Richard Blumenthal, citing $3.8 billion in investor losses, have separately called on the SEC to investigate Trump memecoin. The Senate is scheduled to hold a cloture vote on September 15 on the motion to proceed, with the bill needing 60 votes to advance. (Bitcoin.com News)

Tornado Cash founder Roman Storm questions DOJ logic, says Google and OpenAI should also be held accountable

Odaily News, Tornado Cash founder Roman Storm stated that if the logic behind the U.S. Department of Justice's (DOJ) case against him holds, tech companies Google and OpenAI should also be held liable for North Korean hackers abusing their products. Those involved reportedly used ChatGPT to write code and Google Gemini for forgery and image manipulation. Storm was convicted in August 2025 of conspiracy to operate an unlicensed money-transmitting business. He pointed out that the Tornado Cash case could set a legal precedent where software developers are penalized for criminal acts committed by users, emphasizing that criminals should be held accountable rather than the developers of tools. The CLARITY Act for digital asset markets is intended to provide protections for software developers by distinguishing developer liability from the potential misuse of protocols for illegal activities. However, although a final motion for consideration of the bill has been scheduled for a vote, its current chances of passage remain low. (Bitcoin News)

Donald Trump earned over $1.4 billion from crypto businesses in 2025, while CLARITY Act identified with five major flaws

Odaily News: On August 5, the minority staff of the U.S. Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs stated that the July 22 version of the CLARITY Act fails to meet five minimum standards. The bill, numbered H.R. 3633, aims to divide digital asset regulatory authority between the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC). The analysis suggests that the bill's two-tier system could remove certain blockchain assets from SEC oversight, allowing issuing companies to self-certify exemptions from securities regulation. Healthy Markets and five labor organizations have raised concerns over pension protections and securities law loopholes, while minority staff also noted that investors' private right of action and state and tribal enforcement powers could be weakened. Minority staff stated that DeFi-related companies could be exempt from anti-illegal financing obligations even if they earn millions of dollars from platform transactions; some crypto mixers may circumvent U.S. sanctions by exploiting the "Tornado Cash loophole." The Independent Community Bankers of America (ICBA) and the Conference of State Bank Supervisors (CSBS) warned that stablecoin yields could drain deposits from community banks, and the Systemic Risk Council has flagged related banking activities as potential bailout risks. Minority staff noted that Donald Trump alone earned over $1.4 billion from crypto businesses in 2025, with related enforcement solely under the purview of his Attorney General, and that obligations would terminate upon his departure from office. Elizabeth Warren and Richard Blumenthal, citing $3.8 billion in investor losses, have separately called on the SEC to investigate Trump memecoin. The Senate is scheduled to hold a cloture vote on September 15 on the motion to proceed, with the bill needing 60 votes to advance. (Bitcoin.com News)

CLARITY Act Hearing Live: AI Regulatory Sandbox Amendment Passes, Amendment to Block High-Risk Assets from Retirement Accounts Rejected

the deliberation of the "Cryptocurrency Market Structure Act" (i.e., the CLARITY Act) has commenced in the U.S. Senate Banking Committee. As of now:1. An amendment proposed by Senator Mike Rounds to create an AI regulatory sandbox was passed with 15 votes in favor and 9 against, indicating some bipartisan support, despite Senator Elizabeth Warren urging Democratic members to vote against it.2. An amendment proposed by Elizabeth Warren, aimed at "preventing high-risk assets from entering retirement accounts," was rejected with 11 votes in favor and 13 against.3. An amendment previously proposed by Senator Katie Britt of Alabama, which would have allowed certain retirement accounts to invest in pooled investment vehicles, was withdrawn before the vote.It is reported that one of the most contentious amendments comes from Elizabeth Warren, concerning the strengthening of sanctions authority over cryptocurrency mixers. In her remarks, she referenced the U.S.-sanctioned mixing protocol Tornado Cash, stating it has been used to launder over $7 billion for criminal organizations and North Korean hacker groups, including over $450 million in related funds. Warren argued that the current bill does not grant the U.S. Treasury Department sufficient legal authority to isolate or restrict mixer services, potentially creating loopholes in anti-money laundering oversight. In response, Cynthia Lummis countered that the illegal financial activities are already covered in Parts Two and Three of the bill.

Senator Warren questioned the adequacy of anti-money laundering tools during the hearing, citing Tornado Cash as an example

Odaily News: Crypto In America journalist Eleanor Terrett posted on X platform, stating that Tornado Cash became the focus of the day's hearing, with lawmakers debating whether the bill provides law enforcement with sufficient tools to combat money laundering.Senator Warren told Kennedy: "This is the Tornado problem... Do you remember Tornado, that mixer? What is Tornado used for? If you're a terrorist, you put your money in!" Republican lawmakers argued that the Clarity Act provides tools to address this issue, while Warren stated the bill is insufficient. Other Democrats joined her in voting to support the inclusion of the amendment. The amendment did not pass.

ZachXBT: Funds related to the KelpDAO attack have begun cross-chain transfers to the Bitcoin network

On-chain investigator ZachXBT updated that funds related to the KelpDAO attack have begun moving: approximately $1.5 million has been cross-chained from Ethereum Mainnet to the Bitcoin network via Thorchain, and roughly $78,000 has been transferred via Umbra. The attacking address initially sourced its funds from Tornado Cash, and fund laundering and cross-chain transfers are ongoing.

value of 73 BTC, worth $4.6 million, originally came from the Whirlpool coin mixer, with some funds bridged to Ethereum and deposited through a phishing Tornado Cash interface

Odaily News: According to on-chain detective Specter's monitoring, the victim claimed that due to a Coldcard hack, funds were transferred from Bitcoin to Ethereum. However, on-chain data shows that the 73 BTC ($4.6 million) originally came from the Whirlpool coin mixer two weeks ago, with some of it bridged to Ethereum and subsequently deposited through a phishing Tornado Cash interface. Two coin mixers were used during the fund transfer process. The individual was also found to have appeared in Telegram groups involving private key searches and brute-force attacks. On-chain detective Specter stated that the victim may be a threat actor, and their funds may have been stolen by another threat actor.

A hacker spent 38.5 million DAI/USDS to buy 18,273 ETH within 5 hours

According to monitoring by on-chain analyst Ember (@EmberCN), a hacker address associated with Tornado Cash bought 18,273 ETH at an average price of $2,109, spending 38.535 million DAI/USDS over the past 5 hours during today's strong ETH rebound. It is reported that the aforementioned stablecoins originated from 17,124 ETH the hacker received from Tornado Cash 9 months ago, which were all sold at an average price of approximately $3,308 at that time to be held as stablecoins, and were bought back to rebuild positions today taking advantage of the significant ETH rebound.

Spent 38.535 million DAI/USDS, hacker bought 18,273 ETH in 5 hours

Odaily News According to on-chain analyst Yu Jian's monitoring, a hacker spent 38.535 million DAI/USDS to buy 18,273 ETH over the past 5 hours, at a purchase price of $2,109. The aforementioned stablecoins came from 17,124 ETH received from Tornado Cash 9 months ago. The hacker subsequently sold the ETH at an average price of approximately $3,308 and converted it into DAI and USDS for holding. Today, during the ETH rebound, the hacker repurchased ETH.

The Pando Rings hacker has become active again after two months of silence, transferring 800 ETH into Tornado Cash

According to monitoring by on-chain analyst Onchain Lens (@OnchainLens), the Pando Rings exploiters have become active again after two months of silence, swapping 3 million DAI for approximately 1,570 ETH (worth about $3 million) via CoW Protocol, and subsequently transferring 800 ETH (about $1.52 million) of them into the mixer Tornado Cash through eight transactions, suspected of laundering funds. Pando Rings previously suffered an oracle manipulation attack in November 2022, losing about $20 million.

Solana OG Attacker Transfers Another $4.39 Million to Tornado Cash

Odaily News: According to Onchain Lens monitoring, addresses associated with the Solana OG attacker (0xd229...9D15, 0x501...f051) have transferred 2,290 ETH, worth $4.39 million, to Tornado Cash. This operation occurred nearly a month after the $14.2 million attack incident; the same cluster of addresses also used Tornado Cash two weeks ago.

Aztec attacker deposits another 300 ETH into Tornado Cash, cumulative transfer totals 500 ETH

On-chain data shows that the address labeled as the Aztec attacker has deposited another 300 ETH into Tornado Cash, worth approximately $572,000. To date, the address has transferred a total of 500 ETH to Tornado Cash.

value of 73 BTC, worth $4.6 million, originally came from the Whirlpool coin mixer, with some funds bridged to Ethereum and deposited through a phishing Tornado Cash interface

Odaily News: According to on-chain detective Specter's monitoring, the victim claimed that due to a Coldcard hack, funds were transferred from Bitcoin to Ethereum. However, on-chain data shows that the 73 BTC ($4.6 million) originally came from the Whirlpool coin mixer two weeks ago, with some of it bridged to Ethereum and subsequently deposited through a phishing Tornado Cash interface. Two coin mixers were used during the fund transfer process. The individual was also found to have appeared in Telegram groups involving private key searches and brute-force attacks. On-chain detective Specter stated that the victim may be a threat actor, and their funds may have been stolen by another threat actor.

A hacker spent 38.5 million DAI/USDS to buy 18,273 ETH within 5 hours

According to monitoring by on-chain analyst Ember (@EmberCN), a hacker address associated with Tornado Cash bought 18,273 ETH at an average price of $2,109, spending 38.535 million DAI/USDS over the past 5 hours during today's strong ETH rebound. It is reported that the aforementioned stablecoins originated from 17,124 ETH the hacker received from Tornado Cash 9 months ago, which were all sold at an average price of approximately $3,308 at that time to be held as stablecoins, and were bought back to rebuild positions today taking advantage of the significant ETH rebound.

Spent 38.535 million DAI/USDS, hacker bought 18,273 ETH in 5 hours

Odaily News According to on-chain analyst Yu Jian's monitoring, a hacker spent 38.535 million DAI/USDS to buy 18,273 ETH over the past 5 hours, at a purchase price of $2,109. The aforementioned stablecoins came from 17,124 ETH received from Tornado Cash 9 months ago. The hacker subsequently sold the ETH at an average price of approximately $3,308 and converted it into DAI and USDS for holding. Today, during the ETH rebound, the hacker repurchased ETH.

The Pando Rings hacker has become active again after two months of silence, transferring 800 ETH into Tornado Cash

According to monitoring by on-chain analyst Onchain Lens (@OnchainLens), the Pando Rings exploiters have become active again after two months of silence, swapping 3 million DAI for approximately 1,570 ETH (worth about $3 million) via CoW Protocol, and subsequently transferring 800 ETH (about $1.52 million) of them into the mixer Tornado Cash through eight transactions, suspected of laundering funds. Pando Rings previously suffered an oracle manipulation attack in November 2022, losing about $20 million.

Tornado Cash founder Roman Storm questions DOJ logic, says Google and OpenAI should also be held accountable

Odaily News, Tornado Cash founder Roman Storm stated that if the logic behind the U.S. Department of Justice's (DOJ) case against him holds, tech companies Google and OpenAI should also be held liable for North Korean hackers abusing their products. Those involved reportedly used ChatGPT to write code and Google Gemini for forgery and image manipulation. Storm was convicted in August 2025 of conspiracy to operate an unlicensed money-transmitting business. He pointed out that the Tornado Cash case could set a legal precedent where software developers are penalized for criminal acts committed by users, emphasizing that criminals should be held accountable rather than the developers of tools. The CLARITY Act for digital asset markets is intended to provide protections for software developers by distinguishing developer liability from the potential misuse of protocols for illegal activities. However, although a final motion for consideration of the bill has been scheduled for a vote, its current chances of passage remain low. (Bitcoin News)

Donald Trump earned over $1.4 billion from crypto businesses in 2025, while CLARITY Act identified with five major flaws

Odaily News: On August 5, the minority staff of the U.S. Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs stated that the July 22 version of the CLARITY Act fails to meet five minimum standards. The bill, numbered H.R. 3633, aims to divide digital asset regulatory authority between the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC). The analysis suggests that the bill's two-tier system could remove certain blockchain assets from SEC oversight, allowing issuing companies to self-certify exemptions from securities regulation. Healthy Markets and five labor organizations have raised concerns over pension protections and securities law loopholes, while minority staff also noted that investors' private right of action and state and tribal enforcement powers could be weakened. Minority staff stated that DeFi-related companies could be exempt from anti-illegal financing obligations even if they earn millions of dollars from platform transactions; some crypto mixers may circumvent U.S. sanctions by exploiting the "Tornado Cash loophole." The Independent Community Bankers of America (ICBA) and the Conference of State Bank Supervisors (CSBS) warned that stablecoin yields could drain deposits from community banks, and the Systemic Risk Council has flagged related banking activities as potential bailout risks. Minority staff noted that Donald Trump alone earned over $1.4 billion from crypto businesses in 2025, with related enforcement solely under the purview of his Attorney General, and that obligations would terminate upon his departure from office. Elizabeth Warren and Richard Blumenthal, citing $3.8 billion in investor losses, have separately called on the SEC to investigate Trump memecoin. The Senate is scheduled to hold a cloture vote on September 15 on the motion to proceed, with the bill needing 60 votes to advance. (Bitcoin.com News)

Donald Trump earned over $1.4 billion from crypto businesses in 2025, while CLARITY Act identified with five major flaws

Odaily News: On August 5, the minority staff of the U.S. Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs stated that the July 22 version of the CLARITY Act fails to meet five minimum standards. The bill, numbered H.R. 3633, aims to divide digital asset regulatory authority between the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC). The analysis suggests that the bill's two-tier system could remove certain blockchain assets from SEC oversight, allowing issuing companies to self-certify exemptions from securities regulation. Healthy Markets and five labor organizations have raised concerns over pension protections and securities law loopholes, while minority staff also noted that investors' private right of action and state and tribal enforcement powers could be weakened. Minority staff stated that DeFi-related companies could be exempt from anti-illegal financing obligations even if they earn millions of dollars from platform transactions; some crypto mixers may circumvent U.S. sanctions by exploiting the "Tornado Cash loophole." The Independent Community Bankers of America (ICBA) and the Conference of State Bank Supervisors (CSBS) warned that stablecoin yields could drain deposits from community banks, and the Systemic Risk Council has flagged related banking activities as potential bailout risks. Minority staff noted that Donald Trump alone earned over $1.4 billion from crypto businesses in 2025, with related enforcement solely under the purview of his Attorney General, and that obligations would terminate upon his departure from office. Elizabeth Warren and Richard Blumenthal, citing $3.8 billion in investor losses, have separately called on the SEC to investigate Trump memecoin. The Senate is scheduled to hold a cloture vote on September 15 on the motion to proceed, with the bill needing 60 votes to advance. (Bitcoin.com News)

Ostium trading remains paused, user margin funds remain frozen

Odaily reports, perpetual contract DEX Ostium stated that platform trading remains paused following a security incident. User positions remain open but cannot be modified for now, and trading margin funds are still held in the frozen trading smart contract without any movement.Ostium stated that its team is continuously coordinating with relevant authorities, SEAL 911, and multiple security researchers. Updates regarding the resumption of smart contract activities and the timeline for fund recovery will be released subsequently.According to PeckShield monitoring, approximately 24 million USDC from Ostium's public OLP vault was stolen. The attacker subsequently swapped these funds for approximately 12,100 ETH, of which about 10,500 ETH was transferred to Tornado Cash.

hinkal will fully compensate user funds, confirming approximately 797,000 USDC was extracted by an attacker and swapped for 454 ETH

decentralized privacy protocol hinkal has released an update on a security incident, confirming that an attacker extracted approximately 797,000 USDC from its Ethereum contract through a series of transactions and exchanged it for about 454 ETH. Of this, roughly 410 ETH was subsequently transferred to Tornado Cash, while the remaining approximately 44.67 ETH was bridged to the Bitcoin network via THORChain. hinkal is currently collaborating with an external security team to trace the flow of funds.hinkal stated that the impact of this security incident is limited to the relevant fund pools on the Ethereum chain, and contracts on other chains remain unaffected. However, all contracts have been temporarily suspended for fixes and security verification. All affected users will be fully compensated at a 1:1 ratio, with specific compensation procedures and timelines to be announced in a subsequent update.

Ethereum Foundation’s Kohaku Launches Wallet Privacy Integration SDK, Enabling Ethereum Wallets to Integrate Protocols Such as Railgun

According to The Defiant, the Ethereum Foundation’s Kohaku Initiative has released an SDK for integrating privacy protocols into Ethereum wallets. A functional 4337 mempool relay supporting private transactions is now available in version v0.0.1-alpha.21 of the kohaku-eth/railgun integration. This SDK aims to integrate shielded-pool protocols—such as Railgun, Tornado Cash, and Privacy Pools—directly into wallet interfaces, reducing reliance on centralized relay infrastructure. Kohaku has also demonstrated a CLI-based wallet and is advancing integration with production-grade wallets like Ambire, while simultaneously developing post-quantum accounts, multisig support, and hardware wallet compatibility.

CLARITY Act Hearing Live: AI Regulatory Sandbox Amendment Passes, Amendment to Block High-Risk Assets from Retirement Accounts Rejected

the deliberation of the "Cryptocurrency Market Structure Act" (i.e., the CLARITY Act) has commenced in the U.S. Senate Banking Committee. As of now:1. An amendment proposed by Senator Mike Rounds to create an AI regulatory sandbox was passed with 15 votes in favor and 9 against, indicating some bipartisan support, despite Senator Elizabeth Warren urging Democratic members to vote against it.2. An amendment proposed by Elizabeth Warren, aimed at "preventing high-risk assets from entering retirement accounts," was rejected with 11 votes in favor and 13 against.3. An amendment previously proposed by Senator Katie Britt of Alabama, which would have allowed certain retirement accounts to invest in pooled investment vehicles, was withdrawn before the vote.It is reported that one of the most contentious amendments comes from Elizabeth Warren, concerning the strengthening of sanctions authority over cryptocurrency mixers. In her remarks, she referenced the U.S.-sanctioned mixing protocol Tornado Cash, stating it has been used to launder over $7 billion for criminal organizations and North Korean hacker groups, including over $450 million in related funds. Warren argued that the current bill does not grant the U.S. Treasury Department sufficient legal authority to isolate or restrict mixer services, potentially creating loopholes in anti-money laundering oversight. In response, Cynthia Lummis countered that the illegal financial activities are already covered in Parts Two and Three of the bill.

Senator Warren questioned the adequacy of anti-money laundering tools during the hearing, citing Tornado Cash as an example

Odaily News: Crypto In America journalist Eleanor Terrett posted on X platform, stating that Tornado Cash became the focus of the day's hearing, with lawmakers debating whether the bill provides law enforcement with sufficient tools to combat money laundering.Senator Warren told Kennedy: "This is the Tornado problem... Do you remember Tornado, that mixer? What is Tornado used for? If you're a terrorist, you put your money in!" Republican lawmakers argued that the Clarity Act provides tools to address this issue, while Warren stated the bill is insufficient. Other Democrats joined her in voting to support the inclusion of the amendment. The amendment did not pass.

Related news

value of 73 BTC, worth $4.6 million, originally came from the Whirlpool coin mixer, with some funds bridged to Ethereum and deposited through a phishing Tornado Cash interface

Odaily News: According to on-chain detective Specter's monitoring, the victim claimed that due to a Coldcard hack, funds were transferred from Bitcoin to Ethereum. However, on-chain data shows that the 73 BTC ($4.6 million) originally came from the Whirlpool coin mixer two weeks ago, with some of it bridged to Ethereum and subsequently deposited through a phishing Tornado Cash interface. Two coin mixers were used during the fund transfer process. The individual was also found to have appeared in Telegram groups involving private key searches and brute-force attacks. On-chain detective Specter stated that the victim may be a threat actor, and their funds may have been stolen by another threat actor.

A hacker spent 38.5 million DAI/USDS to buy 18,273 ETH within 5 hours

According to monitoring by on-chain analyst Ember (@EmberCN), a hacker address associated with Tornado Cash bought 18,273 ETH at an average price of $2,109, spending 38.535 million DAI/USDS over the past 5 hours during today's strong ETH rebound. It is reported that the aforementioned stablecoins originated from 17,124 ETH the hacker received from Tornado Cash 9 months ago, which were all sold at an average price of approximately $3,308 at that time to be held as stablecoins, and were bought back to rebuild positions today taking advantage of the significant ETH rebound.

Spent 38.535 million DAI/USDS, hacker bought 18,273 ETH in 5 hours

Odaily News According to on-chain analyst Yu Jian's monitoring, a hacker spent 38.535 million DAI/USDS to buy 18,273 ETH over the past 5 hours, at a purchase price of $2,109. The aforementioned stablecoins came from 17,124 ETH received from Tornado Cash 9 months ago. The hacker subsequently sold the ETH at an average price of approximately $3,308 and converted it into DAI and USDS for holding. Today, during the ETH rebound, the hacker repurchased ETH.

The Pando Rings hacker has become active again after two months of silence, transferring 800 ETH into Tornado Cash

According to monitoring by on-chain analyst Onchain Lens (@OnchainLens), the Pando Rings exploiters have become active again after two months of silence, swapping 3 million DAI for approximately 1,570 ETH (worth about $3 million) via CoW Protocol, and subsequently transferring 800 ETH (about $1.52 million) of them into the mixer Tornado Cash through eight transactions, suspected of laundering funds. Pando Rings previously suffered an oracle manipulation attack in November 2022, losing about $20 million.

Tornado Cash founder Roman Storm questions DOJ logic, says Google and OpenAI should also be held accountable

Odaily News, Tornado Cash founder Roman Storm stated that if the logic behind the U.S. Department of Justice's (DOJ) case against him holds, tech companies Google and OpenAI should also be held liable for North Korean hackers abusing their products. Those involved reportedly used ChatGPT to write code and Google Gemini for forgery and image manipulation. Storm was convicted in August 2025 of conspiracy to operate an unlicensed money-transmitting business. He pointed out that the Tornado Cash case could set a legal precedent where software developers are penalized for criminal acts committed by users, emphasizing that criminals should be held accountable rather than the developers of tools. The CLARITY Act for digital asset markets is intended to provide protections for software developers by distinguishing developer liability from the potential misuse of protocols for illegal activities. However, although a final motion for consideration of the bill has been scheduled for a vote, its current chances of passage remain low. (Bitcoin News)

Donald Trump earned over $1.4 billion from crypto businesses in 2025, while CLARITY Act identified with five major flaws

Odaily News: On August 5, the minority staff of the U.S. Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs stated that the July 22 version of the CLARITY Act fails to meet five minimum standards. The bill, numbered H.R. 3633, aims to divide digital asset regulatory authority between the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC). The analysis suggests that the bill's two-tier system could remove certain blockchain assets from SEC oversight, allowing issuing companies to self-certify exemptions from securities regulation. Healthy Markets and five labor organizations have raised concerns over pension protections and securities law loopholes, while minority staff also noted that investors' private right of action and state and tribal enforcement powers could be weakened. Minority staff stated that DeFi-related companies could be exempt from anti-illegal financing obligations even if they earn millions of dollars from platform transactions; some crypto mixers may circumvent U.S. sanctions by exploiting the "Tornado Cash loophole." The Independent Community Bankers of America (ICBA) and the Conference of State Bank Supervisors (CSBS) warned that stablecoin yields could drain deposits from community banks, and the Systemic Risk Council has flagged related banking activities as potential bailout risks. Minority staff noted that Donald Trump alone earned over $1.4 billion from crypto businesses in 2025, with related enforcement solely under the purview of his Attorney General, and that obligations would terminate upon his departure from office. Elizabeth Warren and Richard Blumenthal, citing $3.8 billion in investor losses, have separately called on the SEC to investigate Trump memecoin. The Senate is scheduled to hold a cloture vote on September 15 on the motion to proceed, with the bill needing 60 votes to advance. (Bitcoin.com News)