News Heat Trend
Project Overview
Circuit is an AI agent that can run on existing wallets, built on top of the basic primitives of Delegate and Clusters.
Coldcard 2021 Firmware Vulnerability Led to Over $100 Million in Bitcoin Theft
Odaily News: A 2021 firmware vulnerability in the hardware wallet Coldcard resulted in insufficient randomness in some recovered seeds. Since July 30, attackers have transferred approximately 1,600 to 1,800 BTC from affected wallets, involving thousands of addresses, with an estimated value exceeding $100 million.Coldcard manufacturer Coinkite stated that it must be assumed that someone used AI to review its public firmware. The vulnerability has existed for about five years, and whether AI was involved in the related attacks has not yet been confirmed.Shielded Labs researcher Taylor Hornby used a Claude Opus 4.8 audit agent and discovered a vulnerability in the Zcash Orchard shielded pool circuit dating back to 2022, which in testing could generate unlimited counterfeit ZEC without a trace. Developers completed the fix within days, and no theft of coins has been confirmed.Statistics from blockchain analytics firm Chainalysis show that on-chain writes carrying malware instructions and command-and-control information rose from about 2.06 per day to 11.1 per day, an increase of 440%. (Bitcoin.com News)
Korean stock market forced liquidation volume reaches 344.2 billion KRW in July, credit leverage risks continue to escalate
According to data from the Korea Financial Investment Association, driven by a significant downturn in the stock market, on-exchange credit leverage has entered a phase of concentrated deleveraging. The cumulative forced liquidation amount for July has already reached 344.2 billion KRW, with a single-day liquidation volume of 142.2 billion KRW on July 9 alone. Due to a two-trading-day delay in the reporting of liquidation data, the clearing pressure triggered by the sharp drop in the KOSPI on the 13th has not yet been fully reflected in the statistics, leading market forecasts to anticipate a further increase in subsequent liquidation volumes.On July 13, the Korean stock market experienced severe volatility, with the KOSPI closing down 8.95% and triggering both the Sidecar selling suspension mechanism and a Level 1 circuit breaker during the session. The semiconductor sector led the decline, with SK Hynix falling 15.37%, marking its largest single-day drop in history, while Samsung Electronics closed down 10.7%. Currently, the margin balances and credit financing balances of Korean retail investors continue to shrink, with the market entrenched in a negative deleveraging cycle of "falling stock prices → forced liquidation → further decline in stock prices." (WSJ)
Data: Binance, Bitget, and OKX Account for Approximately 83% of SK Hynix's Total Open Interest Across the Network
previously, multiple political parties in South Korea discussed including unrealized stock gains in comprehensive taxation, raising concerns about high-valuation tech stocks and triggering a circuit breaker on KOSPI. Affected by this news, SK Hynix's stock price fell over 8%, leading to increased trading attention in related contract markets.According to CoinGlass data, the total open interest for SK HYNIX contracts across the network is currently $184 million. The liquidity for this underlying asset is primarily concentrated on leading trading platforms, with Binance, Bitget, and OKX ranking in the top three for open interest. Their respective shares of open interest are 56.58% ($104 million), 15.81% ($29.05 million), and 11.4% ($20.96 million), collectively accounting for approximately 83% of the market share.
Coldcard 2021 Firmware Vulnerability Led to Over $100 Million in Bitcoin Theft
Odaily News: A 2021 firmware vulnerability in the hardware wallet Coldcard resulted in insufficient randomness in some recovered seeds. Since July 30, attackers have transferred approximately 1,600 to 1,800 BTC from affected wallets, involving thousands of addresses, with an estimated value exceeding $100 million.Coldcard manufacturer Coinkite stated that it must be assumed that someone used AI to review its public firmware. The vulnerability has existed for about five years, and whether AI was involved in the related attacks has not yet been confirmed.Shielded Labs researcher Taylor Hornby used a Claude Opus 4.8 audit agent and discovered a vulnerability in the Zcash Orchard shielded pool circuit dating back to 2022, which in testing could generate unlimited counterfeit ZEC without a trace. Developers completed the fix within days, and no theft of coins has been confirmed.Statistics from blockchain analytics firm Chainalysis show that on-chain writes carrying malware instructions and command-and-control information rose from about 2.06 per day to 11.1 per day, an increase of 440%. (Bitcoin.com News)
US SEC Approves Innovation Exemption, Allowing Some Tokenized Stocks to Trade on On-Chain Venues
Odaily News: The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) stated that tokenization is expected to reduce costs in market infrastructure links such as issuance, trading, transfer, settlement, and ownership records, while enhancing transparency and liquidity. The SEC today approved a temporary, conditional "Innovation Exemption," allowing tokenized stocks to conduct limited trading on certain on-chain venues—Tokenized Securities Trading Venues (TSVs).It is reported that qualifying TSVs can conduct approved trading through automated market makers and liquidity pools, but must meet requirements including public disclosure, trading transparency, circuit breaker coordination, record-keeping, and technical safeguards, while being subject to limits on the number of ticker symbols and trading volume. The SEC stated that this move aims to observe the operations of on-chain trading venues and market participants, providing a data basis for formulating long-term regulatory rules in the future.
CLARITY Act Faces Key Senate Vote as Democrats Issue Last-Minute Counterproposal
According to Crypto in America, the U.S. Senate will hold a key procedural vote on the Clarity Act today (September 15) at 2:15 p.m., which requires 60 votes to advance to formal debate. At the Democrats' request, Republicans have made 126 substantive amendments to the bill, covering ethics provisions, protections for software developers, and a "circuit breaker" mechanism for stablecoin deposits, designating it as the "final, best and final" version.
Bernstein: Crypto CLARITY Act Passage Odds Rise Above 30%, Shorts Under Pressure
According to Chaoxiang research, Bernstein's September 14, 2026 report indicates that the Kalshi prediction market has rebounded to a greater than 30% probability for the passage of the CLARITY Act. The CLARITY Act, officially the Digital Asset Market Clarity Act, centers on establishing a federal regulatory framework for the U.S. cryptocurrency market, delineating regulatory boundaries between the SEC and CFTC, and clarifying exchange compliance requirements and stablecoin yield rules. The latest Senate Republican draft has made substantive concessions on Trump-related ethics provisions and incorporates a "new circuit breaker" clause to address concerns over deposit outflows from community banks. A procedural vote is scheduled for Tuesday, with the Federal Reserve set to announce its interest rate decision on Wednesday.
Eight Banking Trade Associations: CLARITY Act Circuit Breaker Is Not a Safeguard
Odaily News: According to crypto reporter Eleanor Terrett, eight banking trade groups have stated that the deposit outflow "circuit breaker" mechanism added to the new version of the CLARITY Act is not an effective safeguard, because the mechanism would only be triggered after large-scale deposit outflows have already occurred.In a letter to Senate leaders, these groups called for further tightening of provisions related to stablecoin rewards, in order to close loopholes that could allow stablecoin balances to earn interest-like payments.
US Senate Republicans release new version of Clarity Act text, incorporating ethics proposal agreed to by Trump
Odaily report: A Fox Business crypto reporter posted on X that U.S. Senate Republicans have released a new version of the "Clarity Act" text, which incorporates a revised ethics proposal agreed to by Trump and adjusts provisions related to the "Blockchain Regulatory Certainty Act," stablecoin yield, and the so-called "Ag" section. Republicans called this their "last, best, and final" offer to Democrats ahead of Tuesday's vote to end debate proceedings.The new text narrows the scope of the "Blockchain Regulatory Certainty Act" to the Bank Secrecy Act and civil enforcement, and removes specific language extending related protections to criminal cases, including prosecutions under Section 1960. The ethics proposal includes requiring Trump to sell "substantial" crypto-related financial interests or place them in a blind trust, and allows state attorneys general to enforce the ethics provisions; the stablecoin yield clause adds a "circuit breaker" mechanism, under which federal regulators can intervene if there is evidence of large-scale flows from community bank deposits into stablecoins, with Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent serving as the adjudicator.The "Ag" section adds new restrictions on vertical integration, including related-party transactions and conflicts of interest involving digital commodity exchanges, brokers, and dealers, and clarifies that state consumer protection laws still apply; the developer protection clause will not constitute an exemption from derivatives law, nor will it affect prediction markets.
Garrett Jin: Bitcoin's $80K-$82.5K Range is a Key Resistance Zone, Short-Squeeze Momentum Hard to Sustain
Odaily News, Garrett Jin, proxy for the "BTC OG Insider Whale," analyzed that Bitcoin's latest breakout above $70,000 was driven by multiple bullish factors, including the U.S. Treasury's expanded bond buybacks, the SEC's proposed crypto asset regulatory framework, and the White House crypto summit. The current price has entered a dense overhead supply zone ranging from the mid-$60,000s to the low $80,000s, with the first resistance layer already showing signs of weakening.Garrett Jin pointed out that the significant accumulation of new cost basis in the mid-$60,000 area over the past two months has provided underlying support for this breakout. While the short-squeeze triggered by short liquidations could temporarily push Bitcoin above $80,000 in the near term, the $80,000 to $82,500 range is a critical resistance zone to watch, and the short-squeeze momentum is unlikely to persist. If the market can effectively absorb supply below $80,000 before a breakout, it would be more conducive to a healthier subsequent trend.On the same day, SK Hynix announced South Korea's largest-ever stock buyback and cancellation plan, committing to return at least 50% of its projected free cash flow through 2027 to shareholders. Its shares surged over 10% at one point, triggering a buy-side circuit breaker on South Korea's KOSPI index. Analysts believe this move could alleviate market concerns over declining risk appetite for Korean semiconductor stocks, but it cannot alter the cyclical trajectory of the memory chip industry itself.
A whale shorted Samsung Electronics and SK Hynix on Hyperliquid with 4x leverage, holding a position worth $13 million.
According to Hyperinsight’s monitoring, the Korea Composite Stock Price Index (KOSPI) surged again during trading hours and triggered a circuit breaker. Samsung Electronics and SK Hynix continued their upward momentum, rising 7.5% and 12.9%, respectively. Notably, SK Hynix led the gains, buoyed by positive news of its collaboration with NVIDIA to jointly develop next-generation memory; its share price rebounded above USD 1,400.
Andre Cronje: DeFi Is No Longer Decentralized, Industry Divided Over Security Path Centered on "Circuit Breakers"
Andre Cronje stated most current decentralized finance (DeFi) protocols no longer qualify as "DeFi in the strict sense" and are closer to commercial systems operated by teams. This has sparked industry division over whether "circuit breakers" should be introduced to mitigate attack risks.In an interview, Andre Cronje pointed out that early DeFi centered on immutable smart contracts, but today many protocols rely on upgradeable contracts, multi-signature permissions, off-chain infrastructure, and manual operational processes. In essence, they have transitioned from "immutable public goods" to "operable, for-profit businesses." He noted that against the backdrop of recent security incidents, including DeFi attacks involving approximately $280 million and $293 million, industry risks have expanded from simple smart contract vulnerabilities to "Web2-style risks" such as infrastructure issues, permission controls, and social engineering attacks.Regarding risk management, Cronje's firm Flying Tulip recently introduced circuit breakers that delay or queue withdrawals during abnormal fund outflows, providing an emergency response window of about six hours to prevent systemic bank runs and further losses.However, this mechanism has also sparked controversy. Michael Egorov believes that circuit breakers may introduce new centralized attack surfaces. If controlled by signers or administrators, they could instead become new security vulnerabilities or sources of freezing risk. He emphasized that DeFi design should minimize human intervention rather than increase manual control points. Industry analysts pointed out that this debate essentially reflects how DeFi is shifting from the ideal model of "code is law" toward a practical architecture of "hybrid governance plus operational control," while the security boundaries are being redefined. (Cointelegraph)
PrimePiper Launches Prime Broker Dedicated to AI Agents, Enabling Multi-Exchange Connectivity, Cross-Venue Reconciliation, and Risk Control & Audit Capabilities
PrimePiper has launched an enterprise-grade prime broker platform for AI agents, designed to address challenges including fragmented account management, inadequate risk control, inability to reconcile across venues, and insufficient compliance auditing in AI-driven automated trading. According to the company, its infrastructure supports unified connectivity to multiple trading venues—including Hyperliquid, OKX, Tiger Brokers, and Interactive Brokers (IBKR). For risk control, PrimePiper offers enterprise-grade API key management, spending limits, and circuit-breaker mechanisms to constrain AI agent trading behavior. At the execution layer, it enables automated strategy execution via SDK or the Model Context Protocol (MCP). For compliance and auditing, it provides audit-grade reporting capabilities tailored for funds and traders. PrimePiper has been selected for the latest cohort of Founders Inc’s accelerator program; its product is currently in the Alpha stage. Team members hail from Galois Capital, Kraken, DRW, and AWS.
Andre Cronje’s DeFi platform Flying Tulip launches a withdrawal circuit breaker mechanism
According to Cointelegraph, Flying Tulip—a decentralized finance platform founded by Andre Cronje—has implemented a withdrawal circuit breaker mechanism. This mechanism delays or queues withdrawals during abnormal capital outflows, thereby limiting potential losses and buying time for the team to investigate. The mechanism operates differently across products: for the Perpetual PUT product, withdrawals may be reverted, requiring users to retry later; for ftUSD, withdrawals are queued and can be claimed after a delay. Flying Tulip states that this mechanism follows a “fail-open” design—meaning transactions continue to execute even if the safety mechanism fails.
Coldcard 2021 Firmware Vulnerability Led to Over $100 Million in Bitcoin Theft
Odaily News: A 2021 firmware vulnerability in the hardware wallet Coldcard resulted in insufficient randomness in some recovered seeds. Since July 30, attackers have transferred approximately 1,600 to 1,800 BTC from affected wallets, involving thousands of addresses, with an estimated value exceeding $100 million.Coldcard manufacturer Coinkite stated that it must be assumed that someone used AI to review its public firmware. The vulnerability has existed for about five years, and whether AI was involved in the related attacks has not yet been confirmed.Shielded Labs researcher Taylor Hornby used a Claude Opus 4.8 audit agent and discovered a vulnerability in the Zcash Orchard shielded pool circuit dating back to 2022, which in testing could generate unlimited counterfeit ZEC without a trace. Developers completed the fix within days, and no theft of coins has been confirmed.Statistics from blockchain analytics firm Chainalysis show that on-chain writes carrying malware instructions and command-and-control information rose from about 2.06 per day to 11.1 per day, an increase of 440%. (Bitcoin.com News)
Eight Banking Trade Associations: CLARITY Act Circuit Breaker Is Not a Safeguard
Odaily News: According to crypto reporter Eleanor Terrett, eight banking trade groups have stated that the deposit outflow "circuit breaker" mechanism added to the new version of the CLARITY Act is not an effective safeguard, because the mechanism would only be triggered after large-scale deposit outflows have already occurred.In a letter to Senate leaders, these groups called for further tightening of provisions related to stablecoin rewards, in order to close loopholes that could allow stablecoin balances to earn interest-like payments.
Research teams including the Ethereum Foundation use AI to optimize algorithms, reducing the resource threshold for quantum cracking of BTC and ETH by 50%
Odaily News: Researchers from institutions including the Ethereum Foundation, Theta Labs, and StarkWare have jointly published a paper, using AI coding agents to deeply optimize the core operations of Shor's algorithm. The computing resources required for a potential quantum attack on Bitcoin and Ethereum (secp256k1 cryptographic system) have been reduced by more than 50% compared to Google's benchmark in March of this year. The number of logical qubits required for the circuit has been compressed to 1,151, and later versions have even been reduced to 813. Although current quantum hardware still cannot directly break public chains, the research shows that pure algorithmic optimization is significantly narrowing the time window for the quantum threat. The researchers emphasize that quantum-resistant upgrades take a long time and cannot be applied retroactively, and the industry needs to prepare defenses in advance. (Coindesk)
Vitalik publishes "Local Mixing" cryptography research: exploring next-generation obfuscation techniques, potentially becoming a new fundamental cryptographic primitive
Odaily News: Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin has published his latest article "Obfuscation (Part 3): Local Mixing," providing an in-depth introduction to an emerging cryptographic obfuscation approach — "Local Mixing" — and describing it as a potential new fundamental cryptographic tool following elliptic curves, RSA, and lattice-based cryptography.Vitalik noted that current mainstream obfuscation techniques primarily rely on complex mathematical assumptions but often incur extremely high computational costs. Local mixing, by contrast, takes a completely different approach. Rather than depending on elliptic curves, large integer factorization, or lattice cryptography, it draws on design principles from symmetric cryptography and hash functions, continuously shuffling, restructuring, and hiding circuit architecture to eliminate information leakage while preserving functionality.He explained that the local mixing technique mainly involves steps such as reversibility, hardening, mixing, splitting, crossing walk, and "gadgetization." By introducing random structures into circuits, rearranging logic gates, and employing nonlinear hiding mechanisms, it makes it difficult for attackers to recover the original computational logic.Vitalik pointed out that the technique remains in its early stages, with security not yet subject to long-term validation, and it still faces challenges such as random attacks and linear analysis. Nevertheless, he believes local mixing represents an entirely new path of cryptographic exploration aimed at building more efficient indistinguishability obfuscation (iO) schemes.He stated that if local mixing achieves a breakthrough, it could lead to new quantum-resistant public-key encryption schemes and advance the development of general-purpose obfuscation techniques. While the field still requires years of cryptanalysis and optimization validation, AI-assisted research could significantly accelerate this maturation process.Vitalik described obfuscation as the "final frontier" of cryptography, as theoretically all other cryptographic primitives can be constructed from obfuscation and one-way functions. Local mixing not only has the potential to reduce the cost of traditional obfuscation schemes but could also become an important direction for future cryptographic infrastructure.
Ostium Attack Post-mortem: Off-chain Oracle Permissions Stolen, Forged BTC Price to Arbitrage 23.75 Million USDC
According to Ostium's official report, the core of this attack lies in the compromise of the off-chain price reporting system permissions, unrelated to smart contract vulnerabilities. After obtaining off-chain authorization, the attacker utilized the protocol's registered legitimate forwarding paths to submit forged prices ($5,000 and $60,000) to the BTC-USD market, atomically completing an open-close position arbitrage cycle within the same transaction. Starting with 100 USDC and rolling to amplify the scale across 8 transactions, they extracted 23.75 million USDC from the OLP vault within 5 minutes until the vault circuit breaker mechanism was triggered. The root cause lies in the off-chain infrastructure lacking a multi-party approval mechanism equivalent to on-chain multi-signature, creating a single-point permission vulnerability. The stolen funds have been converted to ETH and mixed via Tornado Cash; tracking efforts are still ongoing.
Zcash Foundation Releases Zebra 4.5.3 and 5.0.0 to Address Critical Orchard Vulnerability via Emergency Soft Fork and NU 6.2
The Zcash Foundation released Zebra versions 4.5.3 and 5.0.0 to address a critical soundness vulnerability in the Orchard zero-knowledge proof circuit. Version 4.5.3 temporarily disables Orchard operations via an emergency soft fork, while version 5.0.0 activates NU 6.2, re-enables Orchard using the patched circuit, and permanently closes the vulnerability.
Research teams including the Ethereum Foundation use AI to optimize algorithms, reducing the resource threshold for quantum cracking of BTC and ETH by 50%
Odaily News: Researchers from institutions including the Ethereum Foundation, Theta Labs, and StarkWare have jointly published a paper, using AI coding agents to deeply optimize the core operations of Shor's algorithm. The computing resources required for a potential quantum attack on Bitcoin and Ethereum (secp256k1 cryptographic system) have been reduced by more than 50% compared to Google's benchmark in March of this year. The number of logical qubits required for the circuit has been compressed to 1,151, and later versions have even been reduced to 813. Although current quantum hardware still cannot directly break public chains, the research shows that pure algorithmic optimization is significantly narrowing the time window for the quantum threat. The researchers emphasize that quantum-resistant upgrades take a long time and cannot be applied retroactively, and the industry needs to prepare defenses in advance. (Coindesk)
Serenity: NVIDIA Taking a Stake in MediaTek May Be "Picking" the Next-Generation ASIC Winner
In a post, "White-Haired Stock God" Serenity stated that following NVIDIA's $3.5 billion investment in MediaTek, NVIDIA seems to be actively "picking" potential winners in the next-generation ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit) space through capital and strategic partnerships, with Marvell and MediaTek poised to represent this cohort. NVIDIA's strategy mirrors its earlier backing of Neocloud's Nebius and CoreWeave. By fostering the growth of potential industry leaders and subsequently forging deep financial and strategic alliances with them, NVIDIA aims to cement its dominance within the AI infrastructure value chain. This strategy could exert a "second-order impact" on Broadcom, eroding its relative edge in the ASIC domain, while simultaneously incentivizing AMD, Broadcom, and select major cloud providers to deepen their collaborative efforts. Serenity argues that NVIDIA's moves warrant particular attention, as they will further solidify its strategic foothold in the AI inference market and potentially undermine the prior bearish thesis that hyperscalers' in-house ASIC development would pose a long-term challenge to NVIDIA.
Vitalik publishes "Local Mixing" cryptography research: exploring next-generation obfuscation techniques, potentially becoming a new fundamental cryptographic primitive
Odaily News: Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin has published his latest article "Obfuscation (Part 3): Local Mixing," providing an in-depth introduction to an emerging cryptographic obfuscation approach — "Local Mixing" — and describing it as a potential new fundamental cryptographic tool following elliptic curves, RSA, and lattice-based cryptography.Vitalik noted that current mainstream obfuscation techniques primarily rely on complex mathematical assumptions but often incur extremely high computational costs. Local mixing, by contrast, takes a completely different approach. Rather than depending on elliptic curves, large integer factorization, or lattice cryptography, it draws on design principles from symmetric cryptography and hash functions, continuously shuffling, restructuring, and hiding circuit architecture to eliminate information leakage while preserving functionality.He explained that the local mixing technique mainly involves steps such as reversibility, hardening, mixing, splitting, crossing walk, and "gadgetization." By introducing random structures into circuits, rearranging logic gates, and employing nonlinear hiding mechanisms, it makes it difficult for attackers to recover the original computational logic.Vitalik pointed out that the technique remains in its early stages, with security not yet subject to long-term validation, and it still faces challenges such as random attacks and linear analysis. Nevertheless, he believes local mixing represents an entirely new path of cryptographic exploration aimed at building more efficient indistinguishability obfuscation (iO) schemes.He stated that if local mixing achieves a breakthrough, it could lead to new quantum-resistant public-key encryption schemes and advance the development of general-purpose obfuscation techniques. While the field still requires years of cryptanalysis and optimization validation, AI-assisted research could significantly accelerate this maturation process.Vitalik described obfuscation as the "final frontier" of cryptography, as theoretically all other cryptographic primitives can be constructed from obfuscation and one-way functions. Local mixing not only has the potential to reduce the cost of traditional obfuscation schemes but could also become an important direction for future cryptographic infrastructure.
OpenAI AI Model Achieves Mathematical Breakthrough: Releases Research Results on 10 Long-Standing Unsolved Problems in Cryptography, Quantum Computing, and More
Odaily News, OpenAI released research findings stating that its next-generation AI model, Astra, has made progress in mathematics and theoretical computer science, covering fields such as high-dimensional geometry, coding theory, group theory, quantum complexity, post-quantum cryptography, and extremal combinatorics. The 10 results published cover: the high-dimensional sphere packing problem, binary and spherical coding problems, non-sofic group problems, Connes rigidity conjecture, arithmetic circuit complexity problems, quantum parallel repetition problems, the closest vector problem, Ehrhart volume conjecture, multicolor Ramsey number problems, and extremal graph theory conjectures.According to reports, these results were derived by an internal version of the Astra model, with the computational cost of finding solutions amounting to approximately $2,000 (calculated based on Sol API pricing). Subsequently, human researchers used the same model to help compile the results into papers and generated verifiable proof certificates through the Lean formal proof system.
Vitalik: Diamond iO Enables Programs to Run While Hiding Internal Logic and Critical Data
Odaily Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin has published a new article introducing Diamond iO, a novel cryptographic obfuscation technique. This technology aims to address the extreme inefficiency of traditional indistinguishability obfuscation (iO) schemes, allowing programs to execute while hiding their internal logic and critical data. Traditional iO technology offers privacy protection but at a high computational cost. Diamond iO, by adopting more aggressive new cryptographic assumptions, improves computational efficiency from "cosmological time" to "planetary time," bringing it closer to practical application. Diamond iO is built on technologies such as Attribute-Based Encryption (ABE) and Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE). It encrypts programs, enabling users to execute the encrypted program and obtain correct outputs without viewing its internal code or hidden keys. This scheme introduces a new input encoding mechanism and conditional decryption method, reducing computational complexity while ensuring program logic is hidden. Its core application scenarios include protecting programs containing private keys, enabling secure software licensing, building trustless cryptographic services, and supporting blockchain and AI systems with stronger privacy guarantees.Diamond iO is still in its early research stages. Its security depends on novel cryptographic assumptions, including All-Product LWE and Evasive LWE, which require further research and validation. At the same time, the technology still faces efficiency challenges such as high computational overhead and circuit depth limitations. Researchers believe that by optimizing underlying hash functions, improving homomorphic encryption schemes, and reducing security parameter requirements, Diamond iO has the potential to become an important direction for advancing practical program obfuscation technology in the future.
Zcash Core Developer: Ironwood Upgrade Makes New Progress, Multiple Organizations Reach Consensus on Key Changes
Zcash core developer Sean Bowe posted an update on the progress of the Ironwood upgrade, stating that over the past 48 hours, protocol developers from various organizations have held two meetings and reached consensus on multiple specifications and implementation details for Ironwood. These include disabling Orchard pool bundles in Coinbase transactions, using anchors as authentication data for hardware wallet migrations, and the processing order of ZIPs and specifications.Currently, the Ironwood circuit and the ZIP 2005 integration draft are under review. Valar Group has completed testnet deployment and implemented some wallet-side changes. Meanwhile, formal verification work is progressing, and the development team plans to meet tomorrow to finalize the verification strategy. Additionally, at least three major audit firms are conducting security audits on Orchard, and multiple AI audit tools have been put into use simultaneously. Sean Bowe stated that the overall development progress is running smoothly.
Related news
Coldcard 2021 Firmware Vulnerability Led to Over $100 Million in Bitcoin Theft
Odaily News: A 2021 firmware vulnerability in the hardware wallet Coldcard resulted in insufficient randomness in some recovered seeds. Since July 30, attackers have transferred approximately 1,600 to 1,800 BTC from affected wallets, involving thousands of addresses, with an estimated value exceeding $100 million.Coldcard manufacturer Coinkite stated that it must be assumed that someone used AI to review its public firmware. The vulnerability has existed for about five years, and whether AI was involved in the related attacks has not yet been confirmed.Shielded Labs researcher Taylor Hornby used a Claude Opus 4.8 audit agent and discovered a vulnerability in the Zcash Orchard shielded pool circuit dating back to 2022, which in testing could generate unlimited counterfeit ZEC without a trace. Developers completed the fix within days, and no theft of coins has been confirmed.Statistics from blockchain analytics firm Chainalysis show that on-chain writes carrying malware instructions and command-and-control information rose from about 2.06 per day to 11.1 per day, an increase of 440%. (Bitcoin.com News)
US SEC Approves Innovation Exemption, Allowing Some Tokenized Stocks to Trade on On-Chain Venues
Odaily News: The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) stated that tokenization is expected to reduce costs in market infrastructure links such as issuance, trading, transfer, settlement, and ownership records, while enhancing transparency and liquidity. The SEC today approved a temporary, conditional "Innovation Exemption," allowing tokenized stocks to conduct limited trading on certain on-chain venues—Tokenized Securities Trading Venues (TSVs).It is reported that qualifying TSVs can conduct approved trading through automated market makers and liquidity pools, but must meet requirements including public disclosure, trading transparency, circuit breaker coordination, record-keeping, and technical safeguards, while being subject to limits on the number of ticker symbols and trading volume. The SEC stated that this move aims to observe the operations of on-chain trading venues and market participants, providing a data basis for formulating long-term regulatory rules in the future.
Fed Unanimously Raises Interest Rates by 25 Basis Points, Turkish Stock Market Triggers Circuit Breaker
The Federal Reserve unanimously approved a 25-basis-point interest rate hike at its September FOMC meeting, with the dot plot shifting upward significantly to indicate that another rate increase may occur this year. Following this, U.S. Treasury yields climbed notably, the dollar index broke through the 100 level, and Turkey's stock market fell 6% intraday, triggering circuit breakers.
CLARITY Act Faces Key Senate Vote as Democrats Issue Last-Minute Counterproposal
According to Crypto in America, the U.S. Senate will hold a key procedural vote on the Clarity Act today (September 15) at 2:15 p.m., which requires 60 votes to advance to formal debate. At the Democrats' request, Republicans have made 126 substantive amendments to the bill, covering ethics provisions, protections for software developers, and a "circuit breaker" mechanism for stablecoin deposits, designating it as the "final, best and final" version.
Bernstein: Crypto CLARITY Act Passage Odds Rise Above 30%, Shorts Under Pressure
According to Chaoxiang research, Bernstein's September 14, 2026 report indicates that the Kalshi prediction market has rebounded to a greater than 30% probability for the passage of the CLARITY Act. The CLARITY Act, officially the Digital Asset Market Clarity Act, centers on establishing a federal regulatory framework for the U.S. cryptocurrency market, delineating regulatory boundaries between the SEC and CFTC, and clarifying exchange compliance requirements and stablecoin yield rules. The latest Senate Republican draft has made substantive concessions on Trump-related ethics provisions and incorporates a "new circuit breaker" clause to address concerns over deposit outflows from community banks. A procedural vote is scheduled for Tuesday, with the Federal Reserve set to announce its interest rate decision on Wednesday.
Eight Banking Trade Associations: CLARITY Act Circuit Breaker Is Not a Safeguard
Odaily News: According to crypto reporter Eleanor Terrett, eight banking trade groups have stated that the deposit outflow "circuit breaker" mechanism added to the new version of the CLARITY Act is not an effective safeguard, because the mechanism would only be triggered after large-scale deposit outflows have already occurred.In a letter to Senate leaders, these groups called for further tightening of provisions related to stablecoin rewards, in order to close loopholes that could allow stablecoin balances to earn interest-like payments.