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Blockstream

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Project Overview

Blockstream is a leading blockchain development company founded in 2014. Its core focus is on developing new infrastructure for the legacy financial system, with key developments revolving around Bitcoin sidechains and other blockchain-related applications. Their flagship technologies include their own implementation of the Lighting protocol and the Elements Project, an open-source sidechain blockchain platform. Blockstream has launched a number of products, such as Liquid, an inter-exchange settlement network based on Bitcoin, Blockstream Green, a secure bitcoin wallet, as well as other products that provide real-time and historical cryptocurrency trade data, and colocation services for bitcoin mining operations.

Bitcoin Pioneer Adam Back's Multiple Ventures Hit Setbacks: BSTR Ordered to Pay $15 Million Breakup Fee

Odaily News — Multiple Bitcoin ventures associated with Bitcoin pioneer and Blockstream co-founder Adam Back have recently suffered a series of setbacks: the merger between BSTR Holdings, the Bitcoin treasury project he championed, and a SPAC under Cantor Fitzgerald has been terminated, with BSTR ordered to pay a $15 million breakup fee; Blockstream Mining, the Bitcoin mining operation he co-founded and in which he holds a minority stake, along with its partner Exacore, has faced multiple lawsuits following its spin-off from Blockstream, accused of owing equipment payments, electricity bills, and customer deposits, with related financing totaling approximately $2 billion; meanwhile, Liquid Network, the Bitcoin sidechain initiated by Blockstream, suffered a hack in which approximately 4,000 BTC were stolen, of which 3,400 have been returned, with the hacker still retaining approximately $47 million worth of Bitcoin. (Bloomberg)

Capital B receives $8.8 million investment from Adam Back, plans to increase holdings by up to 376 BTC

Odaily Odaily News: Capital B, a Paris Euronext-listed company, has received a €7.6 million (approximately $8.8 million) investment from Blockstream CEO and early Bitcoin developer Adam Back. The company plans to use the funds to purchase up to 376 BTC.Capital B currently holds 3,145 BTC. If this increase is completed, its Bitcoin holdings will rise to 3,521 BTC, valued at approximately $269.5 million. According to Bitcoin Treasuries data, Capital B would then become the second-largest Bitcoin holder among European listed companies, trailing only Bitcoin Group SE, which holds 3,605 BTC. Adam Back's investment is part of Capital B's total €21 million fundraising round. (CoinDesk)

JAN3 CEO: Strategy should do a $1.5 billion OTC BTC trade with BSTR, meeting each other's needs

JAN3 CEO posted on X, stating that Strategy should immediately execute an OTC transaction with BSTR. BSTR could pay Strategy $1.5 billion, helping the latter increase its cash reserves to $2.9 billion. Meanwhile, BSTR could add 25,000 BTC to its existing holdings of 30,021 BTC, boosting its total holdings to 55,021 BTC and jumping to second place in the ranking of Bitcoin treasury companies.Odaily note: BSTR, short for Bitcoin Standard Treasury Company, is a Bitcoin treasury company founded by renowned cryptographer and Blockstream co-founder Adam Back. The company is actively raising funds to continue accumulating BTC.

French Bitcoin Treasury Company Capital B Acquires Additional 192 BTC, Total Holdings Rise to 3,135 BTC<odatory-translate-split><p>Odaily reports that French publicly-listed Bitcoin treasury company Capital B has announced the acquisition of an additional

法国上市比特币财库公司 Capital B 宣布增持 192 枚 BTC,价值约 1300 万欧元(约 1520 万美元),买入均价约为 78948 美元。此次增持后,Capital B 的比特币总持仓量升至 3135 枚 BTC。此前,该公司曾宣布完成 1780 万美元融资,投资方包括 Blockstream CEO Adam Back 及巴黎资产管理公司 TOBAM。数据显示,Capital B 目前为欧洲第二大比特币财库公司,仅次于持有 3605 枚 BTC 的德国 Bitcoin Group SE。尽管公司持续推进比特币财库策略,其股价在公告发布后仍下跌约 2.4%。(Cointelegraph)

Liquid Network Releases Emergency Fix: Elements v23.3.4 Patches Proof Validation Cache Vulnerability

Odaily News: Liquid Network announced that the emergency release Elements v23.3.4 is now live, with Functionary nodes having immediately begun upgrades. All Liquid node operators are advised to update accordingly. This release addresses a previously identified Proof validation cache vulnerability by strengthening the cache keys used for Range Proofs.Regarding network recovery, Blockstream stated that a recovery plan is still being formulated, expected to proceed in three phases: **resume block production while continuing to pause Peg operations; replay verified valid transactions; restore Peg operations after the network state is fully recovered and fund returns are confirmed.** Currently, the first two phases are being tested in parallel, and any phase will only advance once confirmed secure.Liquid Network stated that Elements v23.3.4 has undergone multiple rounds of internal and external reviews, with participants including the Bitcoin Red Team, Alpen Labs, and other teams. Meanwhile, Liquid Network reminds users to be wary of fake upgrade websites exploiting this incident for scams. Information should only be obtained through official Liquid Network and Blockstream channels, and users should never send funds to strangers or disclose private keys or seed phrases.

Liquid Network: In discussions with white hat to recover remaining 598.5 BTC, network restoration efforts also underway

Liquid Network's official security incident report: On September 6, a vulnerability related to the range proof verification method in Liquid node caching within the open-source software Elements was exploited, resulting in the creation of approximately 4,000 LBTC tokens not backed by bitcoin reserves. The exploiter subsequently exchanged them for approximately 4,000 BTC via SideSwap and the Liquid standard Peg-out mechanism. Prior to the incident, Liquid's reserves stood at approximately 4,205 BTC. After the relevant Peg-out and other withdrawals completed before the network halt, reserves fell to 197 BTC.According to the official statement, the incident did not involve the compromise of Functionary nodes or private keys, and other issued assets on Liquid such as USDT were also unaffected by the vulnerability. The exploiter claimed to be a white hat security researcher and returned 3,400 BTC to the Liquid Federation Peg wallet on September 7. Approximately 598.5 BTC (about 15% of the funds involved) remain unrecovered, and Blockstream is in communication to recover the remaining assets.At present, the top priority is to recover the remaining funds and restore Liquid Network to normal operation as quickly and safely as possible. A fix for the vulnerability has been developed and is currently undergoing multiple rounds of internal and external review. Blockstream is preparing to urgently release Elements v23.3.4, which is expected to be rolled out as soon as preparations are complete, with a target launch within approximately 48 hours. Following the software update, Liquid Network Functionary operators will make further adjustments to restore full network functionality and resume a corrected network state, including rejecting previously invalid Peg-outs.

Jade unaffected by Coldcard RNG vulnerability, Blockstream releases firmware 1.0.41

Odaily News: Bitcoin News posted on X platform that Blockstream stated Jade is not affected by the Coldcard random number generator vulnerability, and has released firmware 1.0.41 following a large number of AI-assisted security reviews.Jade stated that it has undergone dozens of automated AI scans and multiple manual reviews, focusing on sensitive areas such as random number generation and transaction signing.The new firmware strengthens stack protection, updates dependencies, audits sensitive memory cleanup processes, and upgrades the Jade runtime environment.Blockstream stated that Jade's random number generation mechanism uses multiple entropy sources, including hardware chip noise, timing data, sensor data, and camera noise, mixed via SHA-512 to prevent a single entropy source failure from affecting seed generation.The team stated that other lower-severity findings are still being addressed, and firmware 1.0.42 is expected to be released within a shorter development cycle.

Coldcard incident boosts BitBox credit card sales by ~10x, while Trezor and OneKey see rising demand

Odaily News - Hardware wallet maker BitBox reports that credit card sales in August grew roughly 10x compared to the baseline of previous weeks, with the increase primarily driven by North America. Trezor and OneKey also confirmed rising sales during the same period, though neither disclosed specific figures.Trezor, BitBox, and OneKey have all re-reviewed their seed phrase generation, random number generator, entropy, and firmware verification processes. Trezor plans to conduct penetration testing on core firmware functions and publish related security audit reports. OneKey will strengthen reviews of security-critical code paths and transaction signing processes.Ledger CTO Charles Guillemet stated that AI-assisted attacks mean patch releases, vulnerability disclosures, and user education need to accelerate. Blockstream Jade has released a firmware update containing multiple fixes and recommends users simultaneously update their apps, operating systems, devices, routers, and home appliances. (Bitcoin.com News)

Crypto Companies Send Joint Letter to AI Labs, Urging Access to Frontier Models for Bitcoin Developers

据 Cointelegraph 报道,比特币政策研究所(BPI)联合 Anchorage Digital、BitGo、Bitwise、Blockstream、Kraken、Ledger、MARA、Trezor 等多家加密机构,发布公开信敦促各大前沿 AI 实验室为比特币及开源软件开发者建立或扩展可信访问计划。 信中指出,Bitcoin Core 等开源维护者目前缺乏对 AI 实验室网络安全程序的访问渠道,被迫依赖能力较弱的开源模型,而比特币网络当前保护着逾 1 万亿美元资产,任何开源基础设施漏洞均可能危及用户毕生积蓄。BPI 同时披露,已收到多份报告显示包括潜在境外势力在内的复杂攻击者正借助先进 AI 能力持续发动攻击。

Adam Back Refutes the "Bitcoin Supports Spam Data" Argument: Limiting Spam Cannot Rely on Soft Forks Lacking Consensus

Odaily News BIP-110 has sparked community controversy over its attempt to restrict non-financial data storage on the Bitcoin blockchain. Supporters of this proposal plan to push for the rule change through a User-Activated Soft Fork (UASF), but current miner support is far from meeting the activation requirements. The market is watching whether this controversy will further escalate into a split within Bitcoin's network governance.Blockstream CEO Adam Back criticized the arguments of BIP-110 supporters in a post on the X platform, stating that the claim "Bitcoin supports spam data" is incorrect and noting that all Bitcoin participants dislike network spam. Adam Back pointed out that Bitcoin cannot achieve absolute censorship at the mathematical level, and the BIP-110 proposal itself has numerous flaws that prevent it from functioning effectively, which is why it has not gained network consensus. He emphasized that forcibly pushing rule changes without consensus could ultimately lead to a fork outcome similar to Bitcoin SV (BSV).

Bitcoin Pioneer Adam Back's Multiple Ventures Hit Setbacks: BSTR Ordered to Pay $15 Million Breakup Fee

Odaily News — Multiple Bitcoin ventures associated with Bitcoin pioneer and Blockstream co-founder Adam Back have recently suffered a series of setbacks: the merger between BSTR Holdings, the Bitcoin treasury project he championed, and a SPAC under Cantor Fitzgerald has been terminated, with BSTR ordered to pay a $15 million breakup fee; Blockstream Mining, the Bitcoin mining operation he co-founded and in which he holds a minority stake, along with its partner Exacore, has faced multiple lawsuits following its spin-off from Blockstream, accused of owing equipment payments, electricity bills, and customer deposits, with related financing totaling approximately $2 billion; meanwhile, Liquid Network, the Bitcoin sidechain initiated by Blockstream, suffered a hack in which approximately 4,000 BTC were stolen, of which 3,400 have been returned, with the hacker still retaining approximately $47 million worth of Bitcoin. (Bloomberg)

Liquid Network hacker still holds 598.5 bitcoins, L-BTC-to-bitcoin redemption channel paused for 11 days

Odaily News: The Liquid Network attacker has returned 3,400 bitcoins after the September 6 exploit, accounting for approximately 85% of the transferred assets; they currently still hold 598.50 bitcoins, worth over $45 million.Blockstream, the digital asset infrastructure company responsible for maintaining the Liquid Network, has refused to pay a ransom for the remaining assets and is demanding the return of the relevant bitcoins. The network shows 4,234.76 L-BTC in circulation, while the bitcoin reserves stand at only 3,632.23.The L-BTC-to-bitcoin redemption function has still not been restored, with Sideswap stating that redemptions are currently unavailable; Blockstream founder Adam Back said that L-BTC will be backed 1:1 by bitcoin reserves and reminded holders not to sell L-BTC off-market at a discount.As of now, Blockstream has not yet issued an announcement that "redemptions are live." The attacker's wallet continues to receive on-chain messages and has been subjected to address poisoning attacks and scam messages, with the related attacks inducing transfers by generating visually similar addresses. (Bitcoin.com News)

Liquid hacker may receive a bounty if remaining stolen funds are returned

Bitcoin News posted on X platform stating that Samson Mow said Blockstream refuses to pay a ransom and does not rule out offering a bounty if the hacker returns the remaining stolen funds. Mow stated that the stolen funds belong to Liquid users, and Blockstream cannot negotiate over these funds; any bounty would need to be an independent and reasonable arrangement.

Blockstream Refuses to Pay Ransom, Vows to Recover Stolen Bitcoin from Liquid Network

Blockstream officially announced on the X platform that Liquid Network has suffered a Bitcoin theft incident. The company explicitly stated its refusal to pay any ransom and characterized the act as a crime rather than a white-hat disclosure. Blockstream has collaborated with law enforcement agencies, exchanges, forensic experts, and other parties to trace the stolen assets through on-chain tracking and other means. It also called on current holders to voluntarily return the Bitcoin, warning that they will face full legal action otherwise.

Liquid Network Vulnerability Disclosure Handling Sparks Public Dispute Between Samson Mow and Bitcoin Red Team

Bitcoin News posted on X stating that Samson Mow and Bitcoin Red Team researcher Calle are engaged in a public dispute over whether security warnings related to a Liquid Network exploit were properly handled. Calle claims that Blockstream did not act on the Red Team's email, ultimately resulting in a loss of 600 BTC; Mow responded by saying "no email was ignored." Calle stated that once Blockstream restores normal Liquid operations and publishes a post-mortem report, the Red Team will release a full account of the disclosure process. Mow separately warned against blindly trusting AI-generated security reports, saying that unverified fixes could introduce new vulnerabilities, and criticized researchers who prioritize pursuing "clout" over protecting Bitcoin.

Liquid Network Releases Emergency Fix: Elements v23.3.4 Patches Proof Validation Cache Vulnerability

Odaily News: Liquid Network announced that the emergency release Elements v23.3.4 is now live, with Functionary nodes having immediately begun upgrades. All Liquid node operators are advised to update accordingly. This release addresses a previously identified Proof validation cache vulnerability by strengthening the cache keys used for Range Proofs.Regarding network recovery, Blockstream stated that a recovery plan is still being formulated, expected to proceed in three phases: **resume block production while continuing to pause Peg operations; replay verified valid transactions; restore Peg operations after the network state is fully recovered and fund returns are confirmed.** Currently, the first two phases are being tested in parallel, and any phase will only advance once confirmed secure.Liquid Network stated that Elements v23.3.4 has undergone multiple rounds of internal and external reviews, with participants including the Bitcoin Red Team, Alpen Labs, and other teams. Meanwhile, Liquid Network reminds users to be wary of fake upgrade websites exploiting this incident for scams. Information should only be obtained through official Liquid Network and Blockstream channels, and users should never send funds to strangers or disclose private keys or seed phrases.

Liquid Network hacker still holds 598.5 bitcoins, L-BTC-to-bitcoin redemption channel paused for 11 days

Odaily News: The Liquid Network attacker has returned 3,400 bitcoins after the September 6 exploit, accounting for approximately 85% of the transferred assets; they currently still hold 598.50 bitcoins, worth over $45 million.Blockstream, the digital asset infrastructure company responsible for maintaining the Liquid Network, has refused to pay a ransom for the remaining assets and is demanding the return of the relevant bitcoins. The network shows 4,234.76 L-BTC in circulation, while the bitcoin reserves stand at only 3,632.23.The L-BTC-to-bitcoin redemption function has still not been restored, with Sideswap stating that redemptions are currently unavailable; Blockstream founder Adam Back said that L-BTC will be backed 1:1 by bitcoin reserves and reminded holders not to sell L-BTC off-market at a discount.As of now, Blockstream has not yet issued an announcement that "redemptions are live." The attacker's wallet continues to receive on-chain messages and has been subjected to address poisoning attacks and scam messages, with the related attacks inducing transfers by generating visually similar addresses. (Bitcoin.com News)

Liquid Network Vulnerability Disclosure Handling Sparks Public Dispute Between Samson Mow and Bitcoin Red Team

Bitcoin News posted on X stating that Samson Mow and Bitcoin Red Team researcher Calle are engaged in a public dispute over whether security warnings related to a Liquid Network exploit were properly handled. Calle claims that Blockstream did not act on the Red Team's email, ultimately resulting in a loss of 600 BTC; Mow responded by saying "no email was ignored." Calle stated that once Blockstream restores normal Liquid operations and publishes a post-mortem report, the Red Team will release a full account of the disclosure process. Mow separately warned against blindly trusting AI-generated security reports, saying that unverified fixes could introduce new vulnerabilities, and criticized researchers who prioritize pursuing "clout" over protecting Bitcoin.

Liquid Network Resumes Block Production but Transactions Remain Paused, BTC/LBTC Reserve Recovery Not Yet Complete

Liquid Network announced on X platform that as of September 10 at 10:00 (UTC), the network has entered a controlled recovery phase. As a precautionary measure, the network has resumed block production but is not yet processing transactions, and is continuously monitoring to confirm full network stability. Blockstream stated that the required Functionary node and bridge node updates have been successfully deployed, and Functionary nodes are now signing and validating blocks as expected. Meanwhile, pegging operations, including PAK-authorized Peg-out, remain paused, and the network is in the final recovery phase, including restoring BTC/LBTC reserves. Liquid Network reminds users to be wary of scammers using this incident to publish fake update websites or messages, and to never transfer funds to unknown channels or disclose private keys or seed phrases.

Liquid Network Releases Emergency Fix: Elements v23.3.4 Patches Proof Validation Cache Vulnerability

Odaily News: Liquid Network announced that the emergency release Elements v23.3.4 is now live, with Functionary nodes having immediately begun upgrades. All Liquid node operators are advised to update accordingly. This release addresses a previously identified Proof validation cache vulnerability by strengthening the cache keys used for Range Proofs.Regarding network recovery, Blockstream stated that a recovery plan is still being formulated, expected to proceed in three phases: **resume block production while continuing to pause Peg operations; replay verified valid transactions; restore Peg operations after the network state is fully recovered and fund returns are confirmed.** Currently, the first two phases are being tested in parallel, and any phase will only advance once confirmed secure.Liquid Network stated that Elements v23.3.4 has undergone multiple rounds of internal and external reviews, with participants including the Bitcoin Red Team, Alpen Labs, and other teams. Meanwhile, Liquid Network reminds users to be wary of fake upgrade websites exploiting this incident for scams. Information should only be obtained through official Liquid Network and Blockstream channels, and users should never send funds to strangers or disclose private keys or seed phrases.

Liquid Network: In discussions with white hat to recover remaining 598.5 BTC, network restoration efforts also underway

Liquid Network's official security incident report: On September 6, a vulnerability related to the range proof verification method in Liquid node caching within the open-source software Elements was exploited, resulting in the creation of approximately 4,000 LBTC tokens not backed by bitcoin reserves. The exploiter subsequently exchanged them for approximately 4,000 BTC via SideSwap and the Liquid standard Peg-out mechanism. Prior to the incident, Liquid's reserves stood at approximately 4,205 BTC. After the relevant Peg-out and other withdrawals completed before the network halt, reserves fell to 197 BTC.According to the official statement, the incident did not involve the compromise of Functionary nodes or private keys, and other issued assets on Liquid such as USDT were also unaffected by the vulnerability. The exploiter claimed to be a white hat security researcher and returned 3,400 BTC to the Liquid Federation Peg wallet on September 7. Approximately 598.5 BTC (about 15% of the funds involved) remain unrecovered, and Blockstream is in communication to recover the remaining assets.At present, the top priority is to recover the remaining funds and restore Liquid Network to normal operation as quickly and safely as possible. A fix for the vulnerability has been developed and is currently undergoing multiple rounds of internal and external review. Blockstream is preparing to urgently release Elements v23.3.4, which is expected to be rolled out as soon as preparations are complete, with a target launch within approximately 48 hours. Following the software update, Liquid Network Functionary operators will make further adjustments to restore full network functionality and resume a corrected network state, including rejecting previously invalid Peg-outs.

Liquid Network preparing to restart, Blockstream has deployed updated software

Odaily News, according to Bitcoin News, Blockstream stated that Liquid Federation members are preparing to coordinate a network restart, with the updated software already deployed. Previously, a security incident occurred on the Liquid Network, resulting in fund transfers. Blockstream noted that its team remains focused on further strengthening the network and ensuring asset restitution. Blockstream thanked the Bitcoin community for its patience, support, suggestions, and assistance, and stated that more updates will be released in the future.

Related news

Bitcoin Pioneer Adam Back's Multiple Ventures Hit Setbacks: BSTR Ordered to Pay $15 Million Breakup Fee

Odaily News — Multiple Bitcoin ventures associated with Bitcoin pioneer and Blockstream co-founder Adam Back have recently suffered a series of setbacks: the merger between BSTR Holdings, the Bitcoin treasury project he championed, and a SPAC under Cantor Fitzgerald has been terminated, with BSTR ordered to pay a $15 million breakup fee; Blockstream Mining, the Bitcoin mining operation he co-founded and in which he holds a minority stake, along with its partner Exacore, has faced multiple lawsuits following its spin-off from Blockstream, accused of owing equipment payments, electricity bills, and customer deposits, with related financing totaling approximately $2 billion; meanwhile, Liquid Network, the Bitcoin sidechain initiated by Blockstream, suffered a hack in which approximately 4,000 BTC were stolen, of which 3,400 have been returned, with the hacker still retaining approximately $47 million worth of Bitcoin. (Bloomberg)

River Financial sues Blockstream Services Canada for breach of contract

Court documents from the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California show that River Financial filed a lawsuit against Blockstream Services Canada, ULC on September 11, alleging a breach of a termination agreement and involving payment obligations exceeding $6.7 million. The case is docketed as 3:2026cv10252 and pertains to a contract dispute. It should be noted that the defendant is not Blockstream Corporation. Blockstream Mining was spun off from Blockstream in early 2025 and became an independent company, currently continuing to use the "Blockstream Mining" name under a brand licensing agreement; Blockstream has previously confirmed that its mining business has become a separate entity.

Liquid Network hacker still holds 598.5 bitcoins, L-BTC-to-bitcoin redemption channel paused for 11 days

Odaily News: The Liquid Network attacker has returned 3,400 bitcoins after the September 6 exploit, accounting for approximately 85% of the transferred assets; they currently still hold 598.50 bitcoins, worth over $45 million.Blockstream, the digital asset infrastructure company responsible for maintaining the Liquid Network, has refused to pay a ransom for the remaining assets and is demanding the return of the relevant bitcoins. The network shows 4,234.76 L-BTC in circulation, while the bitcoin reserves stand at only 3,632.23.The L-BTC-to-bitcoin redemption function has still not been restored, with Sideswap stating that redemptions are currently unavailable; Blockstream founder Adam Back said that L-BTC will be backed 1:1 by bitcoin reserves and reminded holders not to sell L-BTC off-market at a discount.As of now, Blockstream has not yet issued an announcement that "redemptions are live." The attacker's wallet continues to receive on-chain messages and has been subjected to address poisoning attacks and scam messages, with the related attacks inducing transfers by generating visually similar addresses. (Bitcoin.com News)

Liquid hacker may receive a bounty if remaining stolen funds are returned

Bitcoin News posted on X platform stating that Samson Mow said Blockstream refuses to pay a ransom and does not rule out offering a bounty if the hacker returns the remaining stolen funds. Mow stated that the stolen funds belong to Liquid users, and Blockstream cannot negotiate over these funds; any bounty would need to be an independent and reasonable arrangement.

Blockstream Refuses to Pay Ransom, Vows to Recover Stolen Bitcoin from Liquid Network

Blockstream officially announced on the X platform that Liquid Network has suffered a Bitcoin theft incident. The company explicitly stated its refusal to pay any ransom and characterized the act as a crime rather than a white-hat disclosure. Blockstream has collaborated with law enforcement agencies, exchanges, forensic experts, and other parties to trace the stolen assets through on-chain tracking and other means. It also called on current holders to voluntarily return the Bitcoin, warning that they will face full legal action otherwise.

Liquid Network Vulnerability Disclosure Handling Sparks Public Dispute Between Samson Mow and Bitcoin Red Team

Bitcoin News posted on X stating that Samson Mow and Bitcoin Red Team researcher Calle are engaged in a public dispute over whether security warnings related to a Liquid Network exploit were properly handled. Calle claims that Blockstream did not act on the Red Team's email, ultimately resulting in a loss of 600 BTC; Mow responded by saying "no email was ignored." Calle stated that once Blockstream restores normal Liquid operations and publishes a post-mortem report, the Red Team will release a full account of the disclosure process. Mow separately warned against blindly trusting AI-generated security reports, saying that unverified fixes could introduce new vulnerabilities, and criticized researchers who prioritize pursuing "clout" over protecting Bitcoin.